十年来,在党的领导和大力支持下,儿科工作者对于小儿常见疾病的医疗、预防和科学研究工作获得了显著的成绩。天花已基本消灭,很多大城市已不再有白喉发生,黑热病和先天性梅毒已成为稀有的疾病。其他传染病的发病率和病死率也有很大的降低,如以1958年的病死率与1950年比较,麻疹降低了80.2％;猩红热降低了95.5％;痢疾降低了89.5％。由于儿童保健工作的全面开展,全国婴儿死亡率已从解放前的200‰左右降为70‰左右,一些大城市的婴儿死亡率 Over the past decade, thanks to the leadership and support of the party, pediatricians have achieved remarkable success in the medical, prevention and scientific research of common childhood diseases. Smallpox has been basically eliminated, many large cities no longer have diphtheria, kala-azar and congenital syphilis has become a rare disease. The morbidity and mortality of other infectious diseases have also been greatly reduced. For example, the case fatality rate in 1958 was reduced by 80.2% compared with 1950; the scarlet fever was reduced by 95.5%; the dysentery rate was reduced by 89.5%. Due to the full implementation of child health care, the national infant mortality rate has dropped from about 200 ‰ before liberation to about 70 ‰. In some big cities, the infant mortality rate