效率违约是在经济分析法基础上提出的一种契约上理论,是指合同当事人一方如果能保证相对人的预期利益实现同时使自己的利益增加或者损失减少,允许当事人一方选择违约。效率违约在国际货物买卖中也经常适用,本文从一个国际贸易案例入手,阐述了效率违约的理论缘起及内涵,并比较了它的正负面影响,为其在国际货物贸易中的正确应用进行了探讨。 Efficiency default is a theory of contract proposed on the basis of economic analysis. It means that one party to a contract can allow one of the parties to choose to default if it can guarantee the realization of the expected interest of the counterparty and at the same time increase or decrease its own interests. Efficiency defaults also often apply in the international trade of goods. Starting with an international trade case, this paper expounds the origin and connotation of the theory of efficiency default, and compares its positive and negative impacts, so as to apply it correctly in the international trade of goods Discussion.