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目的探索基于性别的青少年尝试吸烟行为影响因素,为制定针对此人群的控烟干预措施提供参考。方法通过多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取4 665名初中生进行问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般人口学特征,吸烟相关知识和态度、行为情况,被动吸烟和健康教育等。采用含潜变量的多群组路径分析方法进行统计分析。结果男生和女生的吸烟尝试率分别为18.5%和7.1%。“同伴吸烟”和“吸烟有害信念”分别是男生和女生尝试吸烟行为的最大影响因素,标准化总效应值分别为0.26和-0.24。“学校控烟教育”对女生的尝试吸烟行为产生消极效应(标准化总效应值为-0.01),而对男生不产生效应;“学校教职工吸烟”对男生“吸烟有益信念”的影响大于女生,标准化直接效应值分别为0.17和0.09。结论学校开展的控烟干预需将性别因素考虑其中,制定出综合性和针对性的干预措施。
Objective To explore the factors influencing smoking behavior among adolescents based on sex and provide reference for developing tobacco control interventions targeting this population. Methods A total of 4 665 middle school students were enrolled in this study. The questionnaires included general demographic characteristics, smoking related knowledge and attitude, behavior, passive smoking and health education. Statistical analysis was conducted using multi-group path analysis with latent variables. Results Smoking prevalence rates among boys and girls were 18.5% and 7.1%, respectively. “Companion smoking ” and “Smoking harmful belief ” are the most influential factors for smoking behavior of boys and girls respectively. The standardized total effect is 0.26 and -0.24, respectively. School-based education on tobacco control had a negative effect on girls’ attempt to smoke (standardized total effect value was -0.01), but had no effect on boys. School-based staff smoking had a negative effect on boy smoking, Had a greater impact than girls on standardized direct effects of 0.17 and 0.09, respectively. Conclusion School-based tobacco control interventions need to take gender factors into account and formulate comprehensive and targeted interventions.