日美两国的文官政治长期以来一直存在着很多差别。日本实行的是一种精英文官政治。它通过英才教育取士，同时，在普鲁士的理性化的、非政治化的行政管理模式的影响下，把重视社会发展放在优先地位，而对政治家及政治因素的干预则放在次要地位考虑，并使这一原则制度化。这与西 Civil and political politics in Japan and the United States have long had many differences. Japan practiced an elite civil-government politics. It has taken education through excellence education and, at the same time, has given priority to social development under the influence of Prussia’s rationalized and depoliticized model of administration. On the other hand, the intervention in politicians and politics has been given a lower priority The status is considered and the principle is institutionalized. This is with the west