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将栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri、菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum、竹蛏Solen strictus的内脏、肌肉组织分离,匀浆后与毒藻Alexandrium minutum提取液进行48 h体外培养,比较三种贝类不同组织对麻痹性贝(PSP)的转化能力。此外又研究了加热和天然还原剂对毒素转化的影响,以判断毒素转化过程是受到酶还是其他物理化学过程的影响。利用高效液相色谱分析后,发现麻痹性贝毒的转化存在明显的种间差异性与组织特异性。栉孔扇贝内脏对毒素的转化能力最强,培养48 h后与培养初时相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少16%、7%,GTX2、GTX3分别增加13%、10%。但是肌肉对麻痹性贝毒的转化能力却不大。未加热的栉孔扇贝内脏与加热的相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少9%、5%、GTX2、GTX3分别增加9%、5%。加入还原剂的栉孔扇贝的内脏与未加还原剂的相比,GTX1、GTX4含量分别减少5%、5%,GTX2、GTX3增加4%、6%。相反,菲律宾蛤仔和竹蛏内脏与肌肉组织与毒藻提取液培养后各毒素含量变化不大。
The visceral and muscular tissues of Chlamys farreri, Ruditapes philippinarum and Solen strictus were separated and homogenized. The extracts were mixed with Alexandrium minutum extract for 48 h in vitro. The effects of three different shellfish tissues on paralytic Shell (PSP) transformation ability. In addition, the effect of heating and natural reducing agents on toxin conversion was also examined to determine whether the toxin conversion process is affected by enzymes or other physico-chemical processes. After HPLC analysis, it was found that the transformation of paralytic shellfish poisoning has obvious interspecies diversity and tissue specificity. The gut organs of Zhikong scallops had the strongest ability to transform toxins, and the contents of GTX1 and GTX4 decreased by 16%, 7%, GTX2 and GTX3 by 13% and 10%, respectively, 48 h after culture. However, muscle paralytic shellfish poisoning capacity is not large. The contents of GTX1 and GTX4 decreased by 9%, 5%, GTX2 and GTX3 by 9% and 5%, respectively, compared with the unheated gizzards. The contents of GTX1 and GTX4 decreased by 5%, 5%, GTX2 and GTX3 by 4% and 6%, respectively, compared with those without reductant. In contrast, there was no significant change in the contents of each toxin after culture of visceral, musculature and venom extracts of Ruditapes philippinarum and Penaeus chinensis.