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针对平板烧蚀型微脉冲等离子体推力器(μ-PPT),开展了放电过程研究和性能表征。根据放电过程的电学测量和等离子体区域的发光行为分析,研究了μ-PPT的基本放电特点和放电形态演变。从空间分布看,μ-PPT放电空间可分为3个区域(阴极区、弧柱区和阳极区),随着放电间隙的减少,阳极区逐渐消失。从时间分布看,μ-PPT放电是由多个幅度不同的脉冲放电构成,放电回路和放电间隙的阻抗分布决定放电脉冲的数量,一定条件下可以发生单脉冲放电。根据μ-PPT等离子体区的电流片模型,估算了μ-PPT元冲量和推力等基本性能参数。结果表明,放电间隙和烧蚀量对μ-PPT性能参数有重要的影响,相同脉冲放电能量时,放电间隙越大,元冲量越大,烧蚀量也越大,导致比冲越小。放电时空形态是影响μ-PPT的元冲量和比冲的关键因素,因此,开展放电回路和放电间隙的阻抗优化研究是提高μ-PPT性能的有效途径。
For the flat ablation micropulse plasma thruster (μ-PPT), the discharge process and performance characterization were carried out. According to the electrical measurement of discharge process and the analysis of the luminescence behavior in the plasma region, the basic discharge characteristics and the evolution of discharge morphology of μ-PPT were studied. From the spatial distribution, μ-PPT discharge space can be divided into three regions (cathode region, arc column region and anode region), with the discharge gap decreases, the anode region gradually disappear. From the time distribution, μ-PPT discharge is composed of a plurality of different amplitude pulse discharge, discharge circuit and discharge gap impedance distribution determines the number of discharge pulses, under certain conditions, single-pulse discharge can occur. Based on the current patch model of μ-PPT plasma region, the basic performance parameters of μ-PPT element impulse and thrust are estimated. The results show that the discharge gap and ablation amount have an important effect on the μ-PPT performance parameters. When the discharge energy is the same, the larger the discharge gap and the larger the impulse, the larger the ablation amount, resulting in a smaller specific impulse. The temporal and spatial distribution of discharge is the key factor affecting the impulse and specific impulse of μ-PPT. Therefore, it is an effective way to improve the impedance of discharge loop and discharge gap to improve the performance of μ-PPT.