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《国务院关于进一步加强农村教育工作的决定》强调指出:建立健全资助家庭经济困难学生就学制度,保障农村适龄少年儿童接受义务教育的权利。到2007年,争取全国农村义务教育阶段家庭经济困难学生都能享受到“两免一补”(免杂费、免书本费、补助寄宿生生活费),努力做到不让学生因家庭经济困难而失学。目前我国每年约有1000万左右的农村中小学毕业生因为不能升入高一级学校而回到家乡。一些中小学毕业生因为缺乏生活技能,进城打工没门,搞二三产业无路,只好在家里闲着,面临“升学无望、就业无门、致富无术”的尴尬。据了解,我国普通初中毛升学率约为88%,但在农村地区却远达不到这个比例。国家统计局农村调查总队一项调查显示,2001年,我国农村劳动力为4.82亿人,其中初中及初中以下文化程度的比例达到了87.7%。造成辍学(尤其是初中辍学)原因很多,对于这个问题,教育专家也在不断的探讨,这里我们编选了四位来自农村一线的教师对这个问题的看法。同时希望广大关注农村教育的有识之士,就农村辍学问题提出自己的看法。
The “Decision of the State Council on Further Strengthening Education in Rural Areas” emphasizes the need to establish and improve the school-financing system for students who are financially disadvantaged in the family and guarantee the right of rural school-age children to receive compulsory education. By 2007, students who struggle to obtain financial difficulties in the country’s rural compulsory education are entitled to “two exemptions and one supplement” (free of miscellaneous fees, textbooks, and boarding school subsistence allowances), striving to prevent students from leaving school because of family financial difficulties. At present, about 10 million rural primary and secondary school graduates return to their hometowns each year because they cannot be admitted to a higher-level school. Some graduates of primary and middle schools have no way to work in cities because of lack of life skills. They have no choice but to stay in the home and have no choice but to stay at home. They are faced with the embarrassment of “no hope of further study, no employment, no enrichment”. It is understood that the average enrollment rate for junior high school in our country is about 88%, but it is far below this proportion in rural areas. According to a survey conducted by the National Bureau of Survey of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2001, the rural labor force in China was 482 million people, of which 87.7% were below the junior high school and junior high school education level. There are many reasons for dropping out of school (especially for dropping out of junior high school). For this issue, education experts are constantly exploring. Here we have compiled four views from teachers in the rural frontline on this issue. At the same time, it hopes that the majority of people who are concerned about rural education will put forward their own opinions on rural school dropout issues.