20世纪 90年代以来 ,美国实行了近 2 0年的过于宽松的反垄断政策出现回调 ,转向温和的干预。其原因 ,一是全球化、网络化的迅速发展 ,使得反垄断政策的时代背景发生了深刻变化 ;二是对垄断认识的深化 ;三是随着博弈论和信息经济学等新的经济分析工具的引入 ,“新产业组织理论”蓬勃兴起 ,对占据着统治地位的芝加哥学派提出了挑战。 Since the 1990s, the United States has implemented a nearly relaxed and overly antitrust policy in 20 years to make a callback and has turned to moderate intervention. The reason is that firstly, the rapid development of globalization and networking has brought about profound changes in the background of antitrust policy; second, the deepening of the understanding of monopoly; third, with the new economic analysis tools such as game theory and information economics The rise of “new industrial organization theory” posed a challenge to the dominant school of Chicago.