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目的了解杭州市余杭区中小学生常见病患病情况,为制定学校卫生策略及保健措施提供依据。方法收集2013—2015年余杭区中小学学生体检资料,对学生身高迟缓、营养不良、肥胖、视力不良及龋齿等常见病检出情况作描述性分析。结果 2013—2015年分别有93 799、114 311、104 328名中小学生体检资料纳入分析,学生身高迟缓率分别为10.19%、4.85%和3.14%,呈下降趋势(P<0.05);身高迟缓率最高为小学生(7.17%),其次为高中(5.08%)和初中生(3.33%)。学生营养不良率分别为28.11%、24.13%和21.53%,呈下降趋势(P<0.05);营养不良率最高为高中生(30.00%),其次为初中(28.12%)和小学生(21.47%)。学生肥胖率分别为7.71%、9.18%和10.14%,呈上升趋势(P<0.05);肥胖率最高为小学生(10.98%),其次为初中(6.72%)和高中生(5.49%)。视力不良率分别为49.19%、55.01%和60.74%,呈上升趋势(P<0.05);视力不良率最高为高中生(84.12%),其次为初中(74.12%)和小学(39.64%)。学生龋齿率分别为29.69%、25.30%和21.93%,呈下降趋势(P<0.05);龋齿率最高为小学生(35.41%),其次为高中(12.56%)和初中生(10.09%)。结论余杭区中小学生视力不良和肥胖检出率呈上升趋势,需要进一步控制。
Objective To understand the prevalence of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Yuhang District of Hangzhou and provide the basis for formulating school health strategies and health care measures. Methods The physical examination data of primary and secondary school students in Yuhang District during 2013-2015 were collected. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the detection of common diseases such as stunted students, malnutrition, obesity, poor eyesight and dental caries. Results There were 93 799,114 311,104 328 primary and secondary school students’ physical examination data from 2013 to 2015. The height-delayed rate of students was 10.19%, 4.85% and 3.14% respectively, showing a decreasing trend (P <0.05) Up to primary school students (7.17%), followed by high school (5.08%) and junior high school students (3.33%). The malnutrition rate of students was 28.11%, 24.13% and 21.53% respectively, showing a decreasing trend (P <0.05). The highest malnutrition rate was high school students (30.00%), followed by junior middle school students (28.12%) and primary school students students (21.47%). The prevalence of obesity was 7.71%, 9.18% and 10.14%, respectively. The obesity rate was highest among primary school students (10.98%), followed by middle school students (6.72%) and high school students (5.49%). The rate of poor eyesight was 49.19%, 55.01% and 60.74%, respectively (P <0.05). The highest rate of vision impairment was high school students (84.12%), followed by middle school (74.12%) and primary school (39.64%). The prevalence of dental caries was 29.69%, 25.30% and 21.93%, respectively, showing a decreasing trend (P <0.05). The highest caries prevalence rate was 35.41% for primary school students, 12.56% for senior high school students and 10.09% for junior high school students. Conclusion The detection rate of poor eyesight and obesity in primary and secondary school students in Yuhang District is on the rise and needs further control.