论文部分内容阅读
从 1 9世纪中下叶以来直至今日存在和发展的现代西方伦理学,是以古希腊苏格拉底、柏拉图和近代黑格尔为代表的理性主义,以及古典功利主义的发展困境为起点的。古典伦理学向现代伦理学的转换,是非理性主义的意志论,存在主义及现代经验主义的元伦理学、情感主义等的兴起。现代西方伦理学目前处在它的第三个发展时期。在这一时期,三种规范伦理学(分别以罗尔斯、麦金太尔和哈贝马斯为代表)各显异彩,而应用伦理学则盛行其道。
The modern Western ethics that existed and developed from the middle and late19th century until the present day, started from the rationalism represented by Socrates of Ancient Greece, Plato and the modern Hegel as well as the dilemma of the development of classical utilitarianism. The transition from classical ethics to modern ethics is the rise of non-rationalist volition, existentialism and meta-ethics of modern empiricism and sentiment. Modern western ethics is currently in its third period of development. During this period, the three normative ethics (represented by Rawls, MacIntyre, and Habermas, respectively) have their own bright colors, while applied ethics prevail.