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煤炭一向为世界主要能源之一,素有“乌金墨玉”之称,被誉为“工业的粮食”,对世界经济的发展和人类生活条件的改善起有极为重要的作用。随着社会生产力的发展和科学技术的进步,煤炭工业在世界能源工业中的地位发生过几次大的变化。从十八世纪下半叶起,伴随资本主义“产业革命”的进展,蒸汽机的发明和推广使用,现代煤炭工业应运而生。到本世纪初,煤炭产量迅速提高,世界能源工业进入以煤炭为主体(此前以草木燃料为主)的“煤炭时代”。
Coal has always been one of the major energy sources in the world and is known as “Wujinmeoyu”. It is praised as “food for industry” and plays an extremely important role in the development of the world economy and the improvement of human living conditions. With the development of social productive forces and the progress of science and technology, several major changes have taken place in the status of the coal industry in the world energy industry. From the second half of the eighteenth century, with the progress of the “industrial revolution” of capitalism and the invention and promotion of the steam engine, the modern coal industry came into being. By the turn of the century, the output of coal rapidly increased and the world’s energy industry entered the “coal age” dominated by coal (previously dominated by grass and wood fuel).