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目的 探索新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州(巴州)布鲁菌病(简称布病)的流行现状和疫情动态,为布病防治提供依据.方法 在新疆选定巴州4个县的30个乡镇,抽取不同职业接触人群,进行流行病学个案调查和血清学检测,描述布病患者的职业、年龄、性别分布及临床表现等.血清学检测采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT),参照《布鲁氏菌病诊断标准》(WS 269-2007)进行诊断.结果 共调查4 804人,抽检血样1 977份,阳性384份,阳性检出率为19.42％(384/1 977);检出新发患者374例,新发病率为7.79％(374/4 804),患者均与牲畜及畜产品密切接触.农民血清学阳性检出率为25.24％(258/1 022);学生和牧民分别为24.39％(20/82)、15.11％(50/331).不同年龄组人群血清学阳性检出率比较差异有统计学意义(X2=13.15,P＜0.05),其中＜10岁年龄组较高,为29.82％(17/57);其次为10 ～＜20和50 ～＜60岁年龄组,分别为26.87％(18/67)、23.02％(58/252).男、女人群血清学阳性检出率分别为20.64％(246/1 192)、17.58％(138/785),两者比较差异无统计学意义(X2=0.01,P＞0.05).结论 巴州人间布病疫情有回升态势,边疆农牧民缺乏对布病的认知,当地实验和防治力量亟待加强.“,”Objective To explore the epidemic status and dynamic situation of brucellosis in Bayinguoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (Bazhou) of Xinjiang and to provide a basis for prevention and treatment of brucellosis.Methods According to human epidemiological investigation scheme of Brucella in Xinjiang,30 villages and towns in four counties of Bazhou were selected,different exposed occupations were extracted,epidemiological case investigation and serological detection were conducted,and the occupation,age,gender distribution and clinical manifestations of brucellosis were investigated.Serological detection was based on the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and standard tube agglutination test (SAT),with reference to the “Brucellosis Diagnostic Criteria” (WS 269-2007) for diagnosis.Results A total of 4 804 cases were investigated,of the 1 977blood samples 384 were positive,positive rate was 19.42％;new-onset brucellosis was 374 cases and incidence was 7.79％,the patients were closely contacted with livestock or livestock products.The positive rate of farmers was 25.24％ (258/1 022),students was 24.39％ (20/82) and herdsmen was 15.11％ (50/331).Positive rate of serological detection in different ages was statistically significant (X2 =13.15,P ＜ 0.05),＜ 10 years old age group was the highest [29.82％ (17/57)],10-＜ 20 and 50-＜ 60 years old age groups were 26.87％ (18/67) and 23.02％ (58/252).Positive rate of serological detection in male and female groups was 20.64％ (246/1 192) and 17.58％ (138/785),the difference was not statistically significant (X2 =0.01,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Bazhou epidemic situation of Brucella is rebounded.Farmers are lack of the cognition of Brucella in Xinjiang.Prevention and control of brucellosis need to be strengthened.