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以太湖竺山湾周边5个镇为研究区域,采取资料调研与实地调查相结合的方法分析果园养分投入特征,并采集典型果园土壤样本评价土壤肥力状况。结果表明,太湖流域果园总体氮、磷、钾平均投入量分别为N522、P2O5674、K2O 462 kg·hm-2,其中来自于有机肥的比例分别为51.3%、58.3%和44.0%。化学肥主要为氮、磷、钾三元复合肥,有机肥以鸡粪和牛粪为主。土壤有机质、全氮、全磷和全钾含量均处于适宜至很丰富水平,土壤速效磷和速效钾基本上处于较丰富状态,氮、磷、钾养分平均盈余量分别为N 320、P2O5426、K2O 108 kg·hm-2。太湖流域果园氮、磷的高投入不可避免地加大了氮、磷向水体迁移的风险,因而亟待研发有效的果园节氮控磷技术。
Taking the five towns around Zhoushan Bay in Taihu Lake as the research area, this paper analyzed the characteristics of nutrient input in orchard using the methods of data investigation and field survey, and collected soil samples of typical orchard to evaluate soil fertility. The results showed that the average N, P and K inputs of orchards in Taihu Lake Basin were N522, P2O5674 and K2O 462 kg · hm-2, respectively, of which 51.3%, 58.3% and 44.0% of organic manure respectively. Chemical fertilizer is mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, organic manure and cow dung-based manure. The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were in a suitable to very rich level. The content of available phosphorus and available potassium in soil were basically rich, while the average surplus of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were N 320, P2O5426 and K2O, respectively 108 kg · hm-2. The high input of nitrogen and phosphorus in the orchard of Taihu Lake Basin will inevitably increase the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus migrating to the water body. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective orchard nitrogen-controlled phosphorous technology.