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随着工厂的建立，特别是近代冶金、机械、化工等重工业工厂，由于机械化程度高，车间结构复杂，吊车、架空天车及龙门行车等来往不绝，对厂房的振动很大，致使各支架负荷也大，造成下沉，所以长期有计划地对厂房支柱进行沉降观测就显得很必要。沉降观测不仅是保证结构物安全，企业正常生产的重要条件，而且也是考核建（构）筑物的结构与地基设计是否正确合理，施工质量是否良好的必需资料。
With the establishment of the factory, especially modern heavy metallurgy, machinery, chemical and other heavy industrial plants, due to the high degree of mechanization, the complex structure of the workshop, cranes, overhead cranes and gantry cranes, etc. are inexhaustible, and the vibration of the factory building is very large, resulting in various supports. The load is also large, resulting in sinking, so it is necessary to make a long-term and planned observation of the settlement of the plant pillars. Settlement observation is not only an important condition for guaranteeing the safety of structures and normal production of enterprises, but also a necessary data for assessing the structure and foundation design of buildings and foundations, and whether the construction quality is good or not.