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目的了解医护学生的心理健康状态,探讨医护学生的心理健康与个性特征的关系。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)集体施测于1 541名医护专科新生。结果 (1)学生在强迫(t=5.98,P<0.001)、焦虑(t=4.31,P<0.001)、恐怖(t=4.21,P<0.001)和精神病性(t=6.53,P<0.001)因子上的得分均显著高于常模分数;男女生在焦虑(t=-3.55,P<0.001)和恐怖(t=-4.70,P<0.001)因子上的得分差异有统计学意义,而在其他因子上的得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)男女生在EPQ问卷的P(t=-6.69,P<0.001,t=-4.07,P<0.001)、E(t=2.73,P<0.05,t=5.69,P<0.001)、N(t=-5.95,P<0.001,t=-2.49,P<0.05)三个分量表上分数与常模差异有统计学意义;女生在N分量表上的分数显著高于男生(t=-5.18,P<0.001)。(3)SCL-90评定的不同心理健康水平的学生在EPQ问卷的P(F=18.64,P<0.001)、E(F=11.46,P<0.001)、N(F=58.44,P<0.001)、L(F=25.27,P<0.001)分量表上的差异有统计学意义;SCL-90各因子分及总均分与EPQ-P、EPQ-N正相关(P<0.001),与EPQ-E、EPQ-L负相关(P<0.001)。结论医护专科新生的心理健康水平较低,男生的心理健康水平比女生高;个性对心理健康存在影响,性格越外向,情绪越稳定,自控能力越强,心理健康水平越高。
Objective To understand the mental health status of medical students and to explore the relationship between mental health and personality characteristics of medical students. Methods A total of 1 541 medical college freshmen were enrolled in the study using Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Results There was no significant difference in anxiety (t = 4.21, P <0.001), psychic (t = 4.21, P <0.001) The score of the factor was significantly higher than that of the norm. The differences of the scores of boys and girls on anxiety (t = -3.55, P <0.001) and horror (t = -4.70, P <0.001) Other factors on the score difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). (2) The scores of boys and girls in the EPQ questionnaire were P (t = -6.69, P <0.001, t = -4.07, P <0.001) (t = -5.95, P <0.001, t = -2.49, P <0.05). There was a significant difference between the scores of the three subscales and the norm, 5.18, P <0.001). (3) SCL-90 scores of students with different mental health levels in the EPQ questionnaire were significantly higher in PQ (F = 18.64, P <0.001), E (P <0.001). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P <0.001). The scores of SCL-90 were significantly correlated with EPQ-P and EPQ- E, EPQ-L (P <0.001). Conclusion The mental health of freshmen in medical college is lower than that of the female students. Personality has an impact on mental health. The more outgoing personality, the more stable emotion, the stronger self-control ability and the higher mental health level.