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甘蔗生育期长,容易吸引大量昆虫和感染各种病害。在甘蔗品种选育程序中,甘蔗对这些生物胁迫的耐性或抗性成为首要考虑因素。要了解甘蔗生物抗性来源,需要熟悉甘蔗的分类,而各种甘蔗野生品种因具有生物抗性特征,亟待开发利用。现今种间杂交是许多甘蔗抗病育种程序的基础。文章试图简要探讨甘蔗育种的历史和今后甘蔗品种生物抗性培育的策略,详细讨论了世界大范围内出现的甘蔗病害如宿根矮化病、锈病、黑穗病等存在的主要问题。文章指出了分子标记的应用范围,基因识别的困难以及对一些抗病抗虫性状遗传转化试验取得的进展,还讨论了一些可作为目前甘蔗系谱选育方法的有效补充方法,例如先进的计算机化杂交设计方法和群体选育等,这些方法在今后甘蔗抗性品种选育中将具有很大的利用前景,可保正蔗糖生产的可持续发展。
Sugar cane grows long, easy to attract a large number of insects and infections of various diseases. Sugar cane resistance or resistance to these biotic stresses is the primary consideration in sugarcane breeding programs. To understand the sources of sugarcane bio-resistance, it is necessary to be familiar with the classification of sugarcane, and all kinds of sugarcane wild species due to the characteristics of biological resistance, the urgent need to develop and use. Today’s interspecific hybridization is the basis of many sugar cane disease resistance breeding programs. This paper attempts to briefly discuss the history of sugarcane breeding and the strategy of breeding bio-resistance of sugarcane varieties in the future. The main problems of sugarcane diseases such as root blight, rust and smut in the world are discussed in detail. The article points out the application of molecular markers, the difficulties in gene identification and the progress of genetic transformation experiments on some resistant and insect-resistant traits. Some effective methods to supplement breeding methods of sugarcane pedigree are also discussed, such as advanced computerization Hybrid design methods and population breeding, these methods will have great potential in the future breeding of sugarcane resistant varieties, to ensure the sustainable development of sucrose production.