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在乌鲁木齐河源区采集两年的大气降水和1号冰川、空冰斗、总控3个水文点逐日定时径流样品,对主要离子、pH、电导率EC和总溶解固体TDS进行了分析。结果表明,大气降水离子类型为Ca2+-Na+-HCO3--SO42-,接近中性;径流离子类型为Ca2+-HCO3--SO42-,呈弱碱性。径流中EC和TDS均值总控>1号冰川>空冰斗,其中1号冰川径流的峰值远高于其它两个水文点。受不同下垫面的影响,1号冰川水文点TDS变化受日径流量影响显著,而空冰斗水文点基本不受影响。径流中离子组成主要受岩石风化作用影响,离子比值和Piper图分析说明控制径流离子的主要过程是碳酸盐、黄铁矿和长石类矿物风化。海盐校正分析得出,大气降水对1号冰川、空冰斗、总控径流离子贡献率分别为4.91%,9.10%和5.42%。通过阳离子通量计算,2006年、2007年1号冰川径流的化学风化侵蚀率分别为18.1t/(km2·a)和12.3t/(km2·a)。
In the Urumqi riverhead area, two years of atmospheric precipitation, glacier No. 1, ice bucket and total daily control runoff samples were collected. The main ions, pH, EC and total dissolved solids (TDS) were analyzed. The results show that the type of ionospheric precipitation is Ca2 + -Na + -HCO3 - SO42-, which is close to neutral; the type of runoff ion is Ca2 + -HCO3-SO42-, which is weakly basic. Runoff in the total EC and TDS total control> Glacier No. 1> ice bucket, in which the peak of No. 1 glacier runoff is much higher than the other two hydrological points. Affected by the different underlying surface, the TDS change of glacier No.1 in the glacier is significantly affected by the daily runoff, while the hydrological point of the ice bucket is basically unaffected. The ion composition in runoff is mainly affected by the rock weathering. The ion ratio and Piper diagram indicate that the main process of controlling runoff ions is weathering of carbonate, pyrite and feldspar minerals. Correction analysis of sea salt shows that the contribution of atmospheric precipitation to the glacier No. 1, the empty ice bucket and the total runoff ion contribution rate are 4.91%, 9.10% and 5.42% respectively. Through the calculation of cation flux, the chemical weathering erosion rates of glacier runoff No. 1 in 2006 and 2006 are respectively 18.1t / (km2 · a) and 12.3t / (km2 · a).