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目的对镇江市自2004—2012年发生的5起职业性有机溶剂职业中毒事故进行分析,寻找引起中毒发生的因素。方法事故开展现场调查,并按职业性有机溶剂中毒诊断标准对收集的5起有机溶剂中毒事故资料进行分析。结果事故主要分布于制鞋业与农药制造业,中毒42人,其中苯中毒16人,占38.10%,正己烷中毒17人,占40.48%,氯甲烷中毒9人,占21.42%。5起事故现场调查显示,造成事故原因主要为通风排毒措施不佳,个人防护较差,职工缺乏安全防护知识,企业职业卫生管理不善等,由以上原因造成事故的比例高达40%以上;现场空气样本检测结果显示,超标率高达50%以上。结论管理不善、防护措施差与个体防护用品不到位是引发中毒事故发生的主要因素,而苯与正己烷中毒已成为有机溶剂中毒发生的主要化学物。
Objective To analyze five occupational organic solvent occupational poisoning accidents in Zhenjiang City from 2004 to 2012 and find out the factors causing the poisoning. Methods Incidents were investigated on site and analyzed according to the diagnostic criteria of occupational organic solvent poisoning on the collected data of five organic solvent poisoning incidents. Results The accidents were mainly in the shoes manufacturing and pesticide manufacturing industries. There were 42 poisonings including 16 benzene poisoning, accounting for 38.10%, n-hexane poisoning 17, accounting for 40.48% and methyl chloride poisoning accounting for 21.42%. 5 accident scene survey showed that the main causes of the accident were poor ventilation and detoxification measures, poor personal protection, workers lack of knowledge of safety protection, poor management of occupational health and other accidents, the above causes of accidents as high as 40% or more; on-site air Sample test results show that excessive rate of up to 50%. Conclusions Poor management, poor protective measures and the lack of personal protective equipment are the main factors that lead to poisoning accidents. Benzene and n-hexane poisoning have become the main chemicals in organic solvent poisoning.