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通过检测母血循环中的胎儿细胞产前诊断胎儿基因和染色体异常具有重要的临床价值。自上世纪90年代以来,胎儿细胞的富集技术和高灵敏度的单细胞分析技术取得了重大进展。目前胎儿细胞的富集主要利用抗转铁蛋白受体抗体和抗血红蛋白抗体进行荧光激活的细胞分选或磁珠细胞分选。另外,还有基于植物血凝素的方法和自显影分析分选富集胎儿细胞。富集到的胎儿细胞可用于荧光原位杂交技术、定量荧光聚合酶链反应、引物原位标记等分析。本文重点讨论胎儿细胞富集方法的进展及存在的问题。
Prenatal diagnosis of fetal and chromosomal abnormalities by detecting fetal cells in maternal blood circulation has important clinical value. Since the 1990s, significant advances have been made in fetal cell enrichment technology and high-sensitivity single-cell analysis. At present, the enrichment of fetal cells mainly utilizes fluorescence-activated cell sorting or magnetic bead sorting using anti-transferrin receptor antibodies and anti-hemoglobin antibodies. In addition, there are phytohemagglutinin-based methods and autoradiographic sorting for enrichment of fetal cells. Enrichment of fetal cells can be used for fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, primer in situ labeling and other analysis. This article focuses on the progress of fetal cell enrichment methods and the existing problems.