社会主义的命运历来是人们关注的焦点。2 0世纪 ,革命导师期望的“国际苏维埃共和国”未能建立 ,反而出现了苏东剧变 ,使国际共产主义运动陷入低潮。反思其原因 ,一是对资本主义的定位失误 ,导致了取代问题上的盲目乐观 ;二是时空的移位 ,导致了社会主义理论和实践的巨大反差 ,使一些人产生了信仰危机 ;三是对社会主义定位的失误 ,导致固步自封 ,自外于世界文明发展大道 ,种下了遭受挫折的祸根。随着工业经济向知识经济的转变 ,资本主义由国家垄断发展到国际垄断阶段。国际垄断资本主义的主要特征是 :跨国公司成为世界经济的主导力量 ;经济国际化发展到全球化 ;发达资本主义国家建立了以经济、科技和军事实力为后盾的全球霸权。生产力的普遍发展和世界交往的普遍发展 ,使实现社会主义的物质基础和阶级条件渐趋成熟。资本主义生产的社会化已发展到全球范围 ,然而由于资本主义私有制及其生产的目的和动机没有改变 ,因而资本主义基本矛盾及其派生出来的其他矛盾仍然存在。国际垄断资本主义意味着资本关系的社会化已接近极限和临界点 ,由于它自身的生命力已近耗尽 ,因而成为迈向全球社会主义的最后一道门槛。 2 1世纪的社会主义将以其多姿多彩的内容和多元化的实现方式展现在世人面前 ,它将呈现出发达国家和 The fate of socialism has always been the focus of attention. In the 20th century, the “Soviet Republic of the Soviet Union” expected by the revolutionary mentors failed to be established. Instead, the drastic changes in the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union led to a downturn in the international communist movement. Reflecting on the reasons, firstly, the mistakes made in the positioning of capitalism led to the blind optimism on the issue of substitution; second, the shift in time and space led to the great contrast between the theory and practice of socialism and the crisis of belief in some people; thirdly, The mistakes made in the orientation of socialism led to remaining self-reliant and planted themselves in the path of world civilization and development and planted the root cause of setbacks. With the transformation of industrial economy to the knowledge-based economy, capitalism has developed from a state monopoly to an international monopoly. The main features of international monopoly capitalism are: multinational corporations have become the dominant force in the world economy; economic globalization has progressed to globalization; developed capitalist countries have established global hegemony backed by economic, technological and military strength. The universal development of productive forces and the universal development of world exchanges have gradually matured the material basis and class conditions for the realization of socialism. The socialization of capitalist production has reached the global level. However, due to the unchanged purpose and motive of capitalist private ownership and its production, the basic contradictions of capitalism and other conflicts derived therefrom still exist. International monopoly capitalism means that the socialization of capital relations is approaching the limit and the critical point. As its own vitality is almost exhausted, it has become the last threshold to move towards global socialism. In the first century, socialism will be displayed in the world with its colorful contents and diversified ways of realization. It will show the developed countries and