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目的探讨小儿下呼吸道感染常见病原菌分布及耐药性。方法收集2014年1月-2016年1月该院收治的1 080例下呼吸道感染患儿的痰标本,实施细菌培养和药敏试验,对常见病原菌分布进行观察,并分析其耐药性。结果 1 080例下呼吸道感染患儿痰标本中分离出370株病原菌,其中,革兰阳性菌190株(51.4%),革兰阴性菌170株(45.9%),真菌10株(2.7%)。药敏试验结果显示,对万古霉素、替考拉宁敏感性较高的病原菌包括金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌;对头孢西丁、头孢哌酮敏感性较高的病原菌包括大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌。结论革兰阳性菌为小儿下呼吸道感染主要病原菌,临床治疗过程中需临床医师认真观察患儿病症,加强病原菌培养及药敏试验,制定个体化治疗方法,确保临床合理用药,提升抗感染疗效。
Objective To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of common pathogens in children with lower respiratory tract infection. Methods A total of 1 080 sputum samples of children with lower respiratory tract infection were collected from January 2014 to January 2016 in our hospital. Bacterial culture and drug susceptibility tests were performed. The distribution of common pathogens was observed and the drug resistance was analyzed. Results A total of 370 pathogens were isolated from sputum of 1 080 children with lower respiratory tract infection, of which, 190 (51.4%) were Gram-positive bacteria, 170 (45.9%) were Gram-negative bacteria and 10 (2.7%) were fungi. Susceptibility test results showed that vancomycin, teicoplanin sensitivity of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae; cefoxitin, cefoperazone-sensitive pathogens include Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion Gram-positive bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria in children with lower respiratory tract infection. During clinical treatment, clinicians should carefully observe the symptoms of children, strengthen pathogen culture and susceptibility testing, and develop individualized treatment to ensure rational clinical use and improve the anti-infective efficacy.