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采用问卷法对西安市部分入托儿童的行为、气质结构以及它们与生长环境之间的相互关系进行探讨。发现:①2～3岁儿童的气质类型以 E 和 I—E 型居多。②2～3岁儿童行为障碍的发生率是12.7%,社会退缩及攻击行为相对较多。③行为障碍发生率及气质分类与性别无关。④仅以行为总分异常与否诊断行为障碍是很不合适的。⑤气质特征、环境因素对儿童行为均有显著影响,气质的影响相对较大,在环境因素中,教育方法是影响儿童行为的主要因素。⑥在制定儿童异常行为和心理障碍的干预措施时,应认真考虑儿童的气质特征;幼教工作也应针对儿童的气质特征制定相应的教育方案。
Questionnaire was used to investigate the behavior, temperament and structure of some nursery children in Xi’an and the relationship between them and the growth environment. Found: ① 2 to 3-year-old children’s temperament types to E and I-E-type majority. ② The incidence of behavioral disturbances in children aged 2-3 years old was 12.7%, and social withdrawal and attack behaviors were relatively more. The incidence of behavioral disorders and temperament classification has nothing to do with gender. (4) It is not appropriate to diagnose behavioral disorders only by abnormal behavior scores. ⑤ temperament characteristics, environmental factors have a significant impact on children’s behavior, temperament relatively large impact on environmental factors, education is the main factor affecting children’s behavior. ⑥ children in the development of behavioral disorders and psychological disorders interventions should take seriously the characteristics of children’s temperament; preschool education should also be based on the characteristics of children to develop appropriate education programs.