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本文综述了麻疹等七种疫苗在儿童中的免疫现状。成人麻疹爆发流行和婴儿发病年龄下移是目前麻疹免疫面临的主要问题。降低初免年龄、实行第二针常规免疫已成为当前趋向一致的意见。脊髓灰质炎IPV和OPV联合免疫是今后发展方向。百日咳无细胞菌苗付作用小,效果尚好,正继续深入研究。乙肝疫苗新生儿普种、三剂免疫程序、并用HBIg,意见已趋成熟;抗-HBS持续时间及再次免疫时间须进一步探讨。A型多糖菌苗对流脑免疫效果肯定,B型脑膜炎球菌蛋白菌苗尚待进一步研制。伤寒Vi菌苗有推广价值。
This article reviews the immunization status of seven vaccines, including measles, among children. The prevalence of adult measles and the declining age of infancy are the major problems facing measles immunity. Reducing the age of first immunization, the implementation of the second routine immunization has become the current consensus. Poliovirus IPV and OPV co-immunization is the future direction of development. Pertussis acellular vaccine to pay a small effect, the effect is good, is continuing to study in depth. Hepatitis B vaccine neonatal general, three doses of immunization programs, and with HBIg, the opinion has become mature; anti-HBS duration and re-immunization time to be further explored. Type A polysaccharide vaccine positive effect on the flow of the brain, B meningococcal protein vaccine has yet to be further developed. Typhoid Vi vaccine has promotional value.