本文介绍和分析了代表20世纪美国和加拿大侵权行为法理论的五种主要的理论学说,即关于侵权行为法的传统观点、赔偿遏制理论、企业责任理论、经济遏制理论、社会正义理论、个人正义理论。对每个理论从解释性、描述性和对该理论的批判三方面进行分析。最后,笔者在对这些理论进行分析的基础上,进行了总结并提出了一些建议。 This paper introduces and analyzes five main theoretical theories that represent the theory of tort law in the United States and Canada in the 20th century: the traditional viewpoints on tort law, the theory of compensation deterrence, the theory of corporate responsibility, the theory of economic containment, the theory of social justice, the principle of individual justice theory. Each theory from the explanatory, descriptive and the critique of the theory of three aspects of analysis. Finally, based on the analysis of these theories, the author summarizes and puts forward some suggestions.