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明代对回政策既宽容优待,也强制同化,客观上有利于回族民族特征的形成。民族特征是以文化认同为基础,文化要素基本上等同于民族构成中的客观因素,明代中后期回族文化认同体系已经形成,这就表明回族的民族特征随之形成。回族文化的本土化进程在明代中后期已经使这个人群有了区别于其他人群的自我认同体系,这时回族成员的客观认同和主观心理归属都得到了确立。
In the Ming Dynasty, it was both leniency and preferential treatment to return to the policy and forced assimilation, which objectively favored the formation of ethnic characteristics of the Hui people. The national identity is based on cultural identity. The cultural elements are basically the same as the objective factors in ethnic composition. The Hui nationality cultural identity system has been formed in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, which indicates the formation of national characteristics of the Hui people. The process of the localization of Hui culture in the late Ming Dynasty has made this population have self-identification system different from other groups. At this time, the objective identity and subjective psychology affiliation of Hui members have been established.