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满族现有人口1000多万,是中国唯一的两次入主中原的少数民族,它建立了清王朝并统治中国200余年。清朝是距今最近的一个王朝,它的版图奠定了现在中国版图的基础。公元16世纪的最后一年,额尔德尼和刚盖奉努尔哈赤之命创制满族文字,他们借鉴蒙文的字母创造了无圈点满文,即“老满文”。皇太极继位后提出了“振兴文治”的方针,为了解决自身文化典籍不足的问题,皇太极命令达海等文人将汉族文献译成满文书籍,供满洲贵族及全体满族人学习。达海对“老满文”加以改造,创制了有圈点的满文,使满文成
With a population of more than 10 million, Manchu is the only ethnic minority in China that has entered the Central Plains twice. It established the Qing Dynasty and ruled China for more than 200 years. The Qing Dynasty was the most recent dynasty, and its territory laid the foundations of the present Chinese territory. In the last year of the 16th century, Erdene and Koganeh Nurhachi were making Manchu writings, drawing on Mongolian letters to create a circle-free Manchu, or “Manchu”. Following the establishment of the throne, Huang put forward the principle of “rejuvenating the rule of culture”. In order to solve the problem of insufficient literary books, Emperor Taiji ordered Dahai and other scholars to translate the Han literature into Manchu books for the study of Manchu aristocracies and all Manchus. Dahai to “old Manchu ” to be transformed, created a circle of Manchu, Manchu into