论文部分内容阅读
自1991年起对玻利维亚的查卡尔塔亚冰川(16°S,雷亚尔山)和1995年起对厄瓜多尔的安蒂扎纳15号冰川(0°,厄瓜多尔)的质量平衡作了连续监测。在冰川消融区,按一个月尺度测量了质量平衡,提供了有关两种不同热带环境中季节性变化模式的有意义的详细数据。这两个地区最近40年来都有关于冰后退的断断续续的报道。这些资料指出,这10年来冰川退缩明显加速了;消融速率已比前几十年高3～4倍。以前在秘鲁北部测量3条冰川的变动,使我们可以假定:安第斯山脉热带山段冰川退却的速率在20世纪70年代增高了。小规模冰川(<1km)的现状特别令人担忧,象查卡尔塔亚等许多冰川将在今后10年内消失。已经收集的资料证明,在ENSO(厄尔尼诺南方涛动)变暖期消融作用显著增强,而在变冷期(拉尼娜)减弱。自20世纪70年代晚期以来,变暖事件变得更频繁、更强烈了。可以假定,它们已对安第斯山脉中部现代冰川退缩起了显著作用,还有全球气候变暖的影响。
A continuous monitoring of the mass balance of the Zaccalia glacier in Bolivia (16 ° S, Mount Real) since 1991 and the Anizana 15 Glacier (0 °, Ecuador) in Ecuador since 1995 has been carried out. In the area of glacier ablation, mass balances are measured on a monthly scale, providing meaningful detailed data on seasonal patterns of change in two different tropical environments. Both regions have reported intermittent ice retreat for the last 40 years. These data point out that the glacial retreat has accelerated markedly in these 10 years; the ablation rate has been 3 to 4 times higher than in previous decades. Previous changes in the three glaciers in northern Peru led us to assume that the rate of retreat of glaciers in the Andean tropical mountains increased in the 1970s. The current status of small-scale glaciers (<1km) is particularly worrisome, with many glaciers like Chacaltaya disappearing in the next 10 years. Data collected have demonstrated that there was a significant increase in ablation during warming in the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and a decrease in the cooling-off period (La Niña). Warming events have become more frequent and intense since the late 1970s. It can be assumed that they have played a significant role in the shrinkage of modern glaciers in the central Andes, as well as the effects of global warming.