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二、护士的工作按日本的标准护理要求,是4名病人需配有护士1名(1948年)。当时的每周工作量是48小时(现在则已改为40小时,减少1/6。部分实行了3周休二日制)。进而按标准护理分为六个等级:由上而下依次为特2、特1、1类、2类、3类和无类。其区别是指病人和护士的比例而言,级别越高,1名护士负责护理的病人数也就越少,而包括健康保险住院在内的护理费用也就越高。如特2类的病人与护士之比为2.5:1,其1天的护理费用为1610日元,3类的病人与护士之比为6:1,其1天的护理费用为280日元。(甚至还有特3类级别,病人和护士之比为2:1)。全日本共有8100所医院(197 7年),得到法定承认的、有标准护理级别的医院仅为2600所,床位数为67万张,占全日本医院的床位总数1/3左右。在一般护士不足的情况下,可由家属去雇请临时护士来医院作短期的特别护理。
Second, the nurse’s work according to the Japanese standard care requirements, is 4 patients need to be equipped with a nurse (1948). At that time, the workload was 48 hours a week (it has been changed to 40 hours now, a reduction of 1/6. Part of the implementation of the 3 weeks off the second day). According to the standard care, it is divided into six levels: from top to bottom, special 2, special 1, class 1, class 2, class 3 and no class. The difference is that in terms of the proportion of patients and nurses, the higher the level, the less the number of patients that a nurse is responsible for nursing, and the higher the cost of care including hospitalization for health insurance. For example, the ratio between the patient and nurse in the special category 2 is 2.5:1, and the one-day nursing fee is 1,610 yen. The ratio between the patient and nurse in the category 3 is 6:1, and the one-day nursing fee is 280 yen. (Even there is a special category 3, the ratio of patients to nurses is 2:1). There are 8,100 hospitals in all of Japan (1977 years). There are only 2,600 hospitals with statutory recognition and standard nursing care. The number of beds is 670,000, accounting for about 1/3 of the total number of hospital beds in Japan. In the absence of general nurses, family members can hire temporary nurses to come to the hospital for short-term special care.