目的调查深圳口岸中国籍出入境人员疟疾相关知识、态度、行为情况,为出入境人员疟疾相关健康教育及防控措施的制定提供参考。方法于2011年4月至2012年3月在前往深圳国际旅行卫生保健中心体检及医学咨询的中国籍人员选取出入疟疾疫区者,对其疟疾相关知识、态度和行为情况进行问卷调查及分析。结果共收集有效调查问卷695份,其中男性594名,占85.47%,主要为商务人员(83.17%)。能正确了解自己的目的地为疟疾疫区、疟疾的主要症状及传播方式的比例分别为67.48%、40.58%及78.71%;境外发热及时就医率为58.42%;归国人员中,在疟疾疫区坚持防蚊者占67.79%。在疟疾知识的知晓率方面,女性(37.62%)低于男性(52.19%);各年龄组中,18~30岁组最低(46.03%);旅游探亲(41.30%)及劳务人员(21.05%)低于商务人员(52.42%);初中及以下文化程度者(18.00%)低于其他组;前往不同目的地者知晓率为非洲最高(55.76%),亚洲其次(43.27%),美洲最低(24.29%)。自疟疾疫区归国人员中,在疫区居留6个月以上人员知晓率(59.77%)高于3个月以下者(41.45%);有疟疾患者接触史者知晓率(58.73%)高于无接触史者(41.28%)。结论调查对象对疟疾及个人防护认知度不高,对疟疾发病的主要症状的识别水平较低,出现发热等疟疾症状时主动就医行为率不高。低收入、低学历群体、劳务人员及长期旅行者感染疟疾的风险较高。 Objective To investigate malaria-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of Chinese immigrants entering or exiting Shenzhen at ports of entry, and provide references for malaria-related health education and prevention and control measures for entry-exit personnel. Methods From April 2011 to March 2012, Chinese nationals who went to the International Travel Health Care Center of Shenzhen for medical examination and medical consultation selected malaria-infected areas and conducted questionnaires and analyzes about malaria-related knowledge, attitude and behavior. Results A total of 695 valid questionnaires were collected, including 594 males, accounting for 85.47%, mainly business people (83.17%). Can correctly understand their destination is malaria-endemic areas, the main symptoms of malaria and the proportion of transmission modes were 67.48%, 40.58% and 78.71% respectively; the rate of timely medical treatment for out-of-hospital fever was 58.42%; among returning nationals, Adhere to anti-mosquito accounted for 67.79%. (37.62%) were lower than males (52.19%) in the awareness of malaria; the lowest was in the age group of 18-30 years (46.03%) in all age groups; the visiting relatives (41.30%) and laborers (21.05%) were the lowest (52.42%); those with junior high school education or below (18.00%) are lower than other groups; those who visit different destinations are the highest in Africa (55.76%), followed by Asia (43.27%), the lowest in the Americas (24.29% %). Among those returning from malaria-endemic areas, the awareness rates of those who lived in the affected areas for more than 6 months (59.77%) were higher than those under 3 months (41.45%); those with history of exposure to malaria (58.73%) were higher than No history of contact (41.28%). Conclusions The respondents did not recognize malaria and personal protection to a lesser degree, and they did not recognize the main symptoms of malaria. The incidence of malaria symptoms such as fever was not high. Low-income, under-educated groups, labor and long-term travelers have a higher risk of contracting malaria.