Surface charges and hydration are predominant properties of colloidal particles that gov colloidal stability in aqueous suspen-sions. These properties usually coexist and interact with each other. The correlation between the surface charge and hydration of minerals is summarized on the basis of innovative experimental, theoretical, and molecular dynamics simulation studies. The factors affecting the adsorp-tion behavior of ions and water molecules, such as ion concentration, ion hydration radius and valence, and surface properties, are discussed. For example, the hydration and adsorption states completely differ between monovalent and divalent ions. For ions of the same valence, the ef-fect of surface charge on the hydration force follows the Hofmeister adsorption series. Electrolyte concentration exerts a significant effect on the hydration force at high ion concentrations. Meanwhile, the ion correlations in high-concentration electrolyte systems become long range. The interfacial water structure largely depends on surface chemistry. The hydration layer between different surfaces shows large qualitative dif-ferences.