羊水粪染发生率约9％～20％。胎粪排入羊水可在产前或产时。胎粪吸入发生于产前、产时或第一次呼吸时。胎粪吸入综合征的新生儿预后与产前低氧血症对肺的损害有关。本文综述胎粪排出和胎粪吸入综合征的病理生理学,预防胎粪吸入的治疗选择,以及胎心监护的评估。对羊水粪染的新生儿均行气管吸引的必要性存在争议。 The incidence of meconium amniotic fluid about 9% to 20%. Meconium into the amniotic fluid can be prenatal or during labor. Meconium inhalation occurs in the prenatal, during labor or when the first breath. Neonatal prognosis of meconium aspiration syndrome and prenatal hypoxemia on the lung damage. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration and meconium aspiration syndrome, treatment options for preventing meconium aspiration, and assessment of fetal heart rate monitoring. The need for tracheal aspiration for meconium stained by amniotic fluid is controversial.