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目的了解凉山州彝族小学生个人卫生行为现况,探讨个人卫生行为习惯的影响因素。方法自拟调查问卷,采用分层整群抽样,对该地区387名在校小学生进行访谈式和自填式问卷调查。应用检验了解个人卫生行为习惯现状,并了解个人卫生行为好坏与患病率的关系,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析彝族小学生个人卫生行为习惯的影响因素。结果彝族小学生个人卫生习惯良好率为59.10%,三年级(OR=0.24,95%CI=0.12~0.46)和五年级(OR=0.20,95%CI=0.10~0.39)的彝族小学生个人卫生行为习惯较差。非留守儿童(OR=2.24,95%CI=1.03~4.84)、有弟弟妹妹(OR=2.06,95%CI=1.17~3.63)和母亲为非农民(OR=2.86,95%CI=1.57~5.22)有利于良好的个人卫生行为习惯形成。三年级中女性(69.57%)个人卫生行为习惯优于同年级男性(37.33%)(=11.85,P<0.001)。个人卫生行为习惯良好者腹泻患病率低于个人卫生习惯较差者(=11.15,P=0.001)。结论凉山彝族小学生个人卫生行为习惯较差,三、五年级是个人卫生行为习惯的危险因素,非留守、有弟弟妹妹和母亲为非农民是良好个人卫生习惯的促进因素。应采取多形式健康教育和有针对性的干预措施来改善该地小学生的个人卫生习惯。
Objective To understand the personal health behaviors of Yi primary school students in Liangshan Prefecture and to explore the influencing factors of personal hygiene behaviors. Methods A questionnaire was prepared and stratified cluster sampling was used to interview 387 primary school students in this area through interviews and self-administered questionnaires. Applying the test to understand the status quo of personal hygiene behaviors, and understanding the relationship between personal hygiene behaviors and prevalence, using multivariate Logistic regression model to analyze the influencing factors of personal health behaviors of Yi primary school students. Results The rate of personal health habits of Yi primary school students was 59.10%. The hygiene habits of Yi primary school students in the third grade (OR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.12-0.46) and the fifth grade (OR = 0.20,95% CI = 0.10-0.39) Poor. Non-left-behind children (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.03-4.84) had younger siblings (OR = 2.06,95% CI = 1.17-3.63) ) Is conducive to the formation of good personal hygiene behavior. In the third grade, women (69.57%) had higher personal hygiene habits than men (37.33%) in the same grade (= 11.85, P <0.001). The prevalence of diarrhea was lower in individuals with good personal hygiene behaviors than those with poor personal hygiene (= 11.15, P = 0.001). Conclusion The primary health habits of Liangshan Yi primary school students are poor. The third and fifth grades are the risk factors of personal hygiene habits. The non-stay-behind, younger siblings and mothers as non-peasant are the promotion factors of good personal hygiene habits. Multi-form health education and targeted interventions should be taken to improve the hygiene practices of pupils in this area.