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目的探索武汉市洪山区和平街社区居民健康状况及危险因素,为开展慢性病综合防治的最终评价提供基线数据。方法采用简单随机抽样方法,抽取18岁以上人口计1520人(男性727人,女性793人)对人口学状况、居住环境、家庭基本情况、人群健康状况和慢性病行为因素进行描述性分析。结果 160岁以上老人占社区总体人口的15.89%,呈现老龄化态势。2年度居民死亡率占社区总人口的5.44‰,死因前3位疾病依次为循环系统疾病、恶性肿瘤疾病、呼吸系统疾病,占死亡总数的57.33%。3吸烟、饮酒、缺乏锻炼、高盐摄入4项不健康生活行为方式的高峰段,集中体现在30~50岁组,与同性别其他年龄段总体比较,具有统计学意义(χ2男=157.59,χ2女=16.52,P<0.01);4个单项行为高峰年龄段的同性别间分项比较,男性群体均有统计学意义(χ2依次为48.43,30.21,44.18,37.89,P<0.01);女性在“吸烟、饮酒、缺乏锻炼”3项具有统计学意义(χ2依次为6.64,8.14,10.24,P<0.01),高盐摄入项无年龄段差异(χ2=2.05,P>0.05);4项不健康生活行为方式的男女间比较,具有统计学差异(χ2值依次为:159.92,114.90,9.38,13.18,P<0.01)。4正常体质量者占调查总体的77.96%,偏瘦者占调查总体的7.11%,超重者占调查总体的13.03%,肥胖者占调查总体的1.78%,男女群体间比较无统计学差异。5社区患病人群的非规范化治疗占70.07%。结论社区呈现的老龄化的人口结构,鲜明的慢性病危险行为、不规范的疾病治疗状态、不健康的生活习惯增加了罹患疾病的风险,社区卫生服务机构慢性病综合防治能力亟待提升。
Objective To explore the health status and risk factors of community residents in Heping Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, and to provide baseline data for the final evaluation of comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases. Methods Using simple random sampling method, 1520 people (727 males and 793 females) aged 18 years and older were selected to conduct a descriptive analysis of demographic status, living environment, family status, health status of people and chronic diseases. Results The elderly over 160 accounted for 15.89% of the total community population, showing an aging trend. The 2-year mortality rate accounted for 5.44 ‰ of the total population of the community. The top three causes of death were circulatory system diseases, malignant tumor diseases and respiratory diseases, accounting for 57.33% of the total deaths. The peak of 4 unhealthy lifestyles in smoking, drinking, lack of exercise and high salt intake were concentrated in the 30 ~ 50 age group and statistically significant compared with other age groups in the same sex (χ2 = 157.59, χ2 = 16.52, P <0.01). There were statistically significant differences among the male genders in the 4 single age groups (χ2 = 48.43,30.21,44.18,37.89, P <0.01) There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2 = 2.05, P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 2.05, P> 0.05) ; 4 unhealthy lifestyle behavior between men and women, with statistical differences (χ2 values were: 159.92,114.90,9.38,13.18, P <0.01). 4 normal body weight accounted for 77.96% of the surveyed population, the thinner accounted for 7.11% of the surveyed population, the overweight accounted for 13.03% of the surveyed population, and the obese accounted for 1.78% of the surveyed population. There was no significant difference between the male and female groups. Non-standardized treatment of community-based disease accounted for 70.07%. Conclusion The aging population structure, distinct chronic disease risk behavior, non-standard disease treatment status and unhealthy lifestyle increase the risk of illness in community. The comprehensive prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in community health service institutions needs to be improved urgently.