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目的分析本起成人麻疹流行病学特点及意义,为防治工作提供借鉴。方法对流行期间发生的220例成人麻疹进行个案流行病学调查,并对其儿童时期疫苗接种情况进行回顾性研究。结果在220例成人麻疹患者中,138例为临床诊断病例,82例为实验室确诊病例;人群分布中年龄在15～20岁者71例(32.3%),21～30岁111例(50.5%),31岁以上者38例(17.3%)。男性123例,女性97例,男女之比为1.27:1;维族46例,汉族174例;职业以大学生为主,112例(占50.9%),其他职业83例(占37.7%),干部和个体只占11.4%;时间分布病例从2007年10月开始上升,2008年2月达高峰,4月开始下降,5月中旬终止;地区分布以来自南疆大学生和个体户发病为主,占92.7%(204/220);未接种疫苗或不详者147例(占66.8%),73例接种疫苗。结论本起成人麻疹流行与未接种麻疹疫苗或疫苗免疫失败等因素有关,特别是流动人口免疫水平偏低,因此,在进一步做好儿童麻疹基础与强化免疫工作的同时,应加强成人麻疹疫苗的补种工作。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and significance of this adult measles and provide references for prevention and treatment. Methods A case-by-case epidemiological survey of 220 adult measles patients during the epidemic period was conducted. The vaccination status during childhood was retrospectively studied. Results Among the 220 adult measles patients, 138 cases were diagnosed clinically and 82 cases were laboratory confirmed cases. Among the population distribution, 71 cases (32.3%) were aged 15-20 years old and 111 cases (50.5%) were 21-30 years old ), 38 cases (17.3%) over 31 years old. 123 males and 97 females, the ratio of men to women was 1.27: 1; 46 Uighurs and 174 Han nationality students; 112 were college students (50.9%), 83 were other occupations (37.7%), Individuals only accounted for 11.4% of the cases; the time distribution of cases began to rise from October 2007 and peaked in February 2008, and began to decline in April and ended in mid-May. The distribution was mainly from college students and self-employed persons in South Xinjiang, accounting for 92.7% (204/220); unvaccinated or unknown 147 (66.8%), and 73 vaccinated. Conclusion The prevalence of measles in adults and non-vaccinated measles vaccine or vaccine immune failure and other factors, especially the low level of immunity of migrants, therefore, to further improve children’s measles-based and intensive immunization work, we should strengthen the adult measles vaccine Replanting work.