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、免疫细胞: 参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞统称为免疫细胞。免疫细胞包括造血干细胞、淋巴细胞、单核一巨噬细胞系统的细胞和粒细胞等。 (一)造血干细胞:又称多能干细胞。它是造血组织中的一群原始造血细胞,具有自我增殖和分化两种功能。通过分化可形成不同血细胞系的定向干细胞,再进一步增殖分化才成为各系统的血细胞系。人类造血干细胞首先出现于胚岭第2～3周的卵黄囊,在胚眙早期(第2～3月)迁至肝、脾,第5个月又从肝、脾迁至骨髓。出生后成为造血干细胞的主要来源。
Immune cells: Cells involved in or associated with an immune response are collectively referred to as immune cells. Immune cells include hematopoietic stem cells, lymphocytes, mononuclear-macrophage system cells and granulocytes. (A) Hematopoietic stem cells: also known as pluripotent stem cells. It is a group of primitive hematopoietic cells in hematopoietic tissue, with two functions of self-proliferation and differentiation. Directional stem cells that form different blood cell lines by differentiation can be further proliferated and differentiated to become blood cell lines of each system. Human hematopoietic stem cells first appeared in the yolk sac of the second to third weeks of embryo germ and migrated to the liver and spleen in the early embryo stage (from February to March) and from the liver and spleen to the bone marrow in the fifth month. After birth as a major source of hematopoietic stem cells.