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通过室内小尺度坡面(4m×1m)人工降雨物理模型,设计沿坡面上下移动的移动降雨工况进行产沙产流过程比对试验,对产流产沙量时空特性及侵蚀泥沙粒径特性进行分析,探讨不同降雨移动方向条件下结皮对坡面产沙过程的影响机理。结果显示:结皮发育造成产沙显著减少;降雨向上移动时,结皮发育成熟使峰值产沙提前出现,而向下移动时产沙峰值始终随产流峰值一起出现;向上移动降雨工况在雨强3.6×10-5 m/s时达到产沙峰值和等效泥沙浓度的最大值,而向下移动工况则对应更大的降雨强度;结皮发育在降雨初期对产沙成分的影响最明显,总体上产沙成分保持特定比例结构,粉粒最易受侵蚀,粘粒次之。研究表明:结皮发育是影响移动降雨条件下坡面产沙时空特性的重要因素。
Through the 4m × 1m indoor artificial rainfall physical model, an experiment was carried out to compare the spatial and temporal characteristics of runoff and sediment yield and runoff and sediment size Characteristics of the analysis to explore the impact of different precipitation direction of the crust on the slope sediment production process. The results showed that: the crustal development caused a significant decrease in sediment yield; when the rainfall moved upward, the crust matured so that the peak sediment yield appeared ahead of time, When the rainfall intensity is 3.6 × 10-5 m / s, the maximum value of sediment yield and equivalent sediment concentration is reached, while the downward movement condition corresponds to the greater rainfall intensity. During the early rainfall, The most obvious impact on the overall composition of sediment to maintain a specific proportion of the structure, the most vulnerable to erosion of particles, followed by clay. The results show that crust development is an important factor affecting the spatio-temporal characteristics of sediment yield under moving rainfall.