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北京地区的石质文物众多,其中大多数石质文物的石材都是产自房山区大石窝镇的汉白玉(属于大理岩)。通过现场调查,基于国际古迹遗址理事会石质学术委员会(ICOMOS-ISCS)等提出的分类标准,对北京地区汉白玉石质文物的病害类型进行分类,并给出了具体类型的描述和照片。通过对大理岩的矿物成分和微观性质测试分析,研究了其中的剥落、崩解、结壳、溶蚀和溶孔等病害的机理,结果表明:温度变化是汉白玉表层剥落的主要原因;汉白玉中白云石矿物晶体内和晶体间的溶蚀是发生崩解的主要原因;结壳是环境污染(包括SO2和灰尘)造成的;由于方解石溶解速度大于白云石,少量方解石的首先溶解造成了溶孔,而溶蚀则是白云石的缓慢溶解造成的。相关研究为北京汉白玉石质文物的修复和保护提供了科学依据。
There are many stone cultural relics in Beijing, most of which are stone white marble (belonging to marble) from Dashiwo Town, Fangshan District. Based on the field investigation, the classification of white marble stone cultural relics in Beijing based on the taxonomic criteria proposed by ICOMOS-ISCS and other classification standards is given, and specific types of descriptions and photos are given. The mechanism of peel, disintegration, crusting, dissolution and dissolution of the marble was studied by testing and analyzing the mineral composition and microscopic properties of the marble. The results show that the temperature change is the main reason of surface peeling of white marble; Dissolution of intragranular and intragranular crystals is the main cause of disintegration; crusts are caused by environmental pollution (including SO2 and dust); as calcite dissolution rate is greater than that of dolomite, the first dissolution of a small amount of calcite results in dissolved pores, Dissolution is caused by the slow dissolution of dolomite. The related research provides a scientific basis for the restoration and protection of the white marble stone cultural relics in Beijing.