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确定食物中毒患者的病例定义是国际通用的食物中毒的基本调查步骤。但我国目前的法规没有给出明确的病例定义标准,不同的食品卫生医师在实际工作中掌握的尺度、方法、结果各不相同。本文综合分析了相关法规及各单项食物中毒诊断标准及处理原则,提出了食物中毒病例的完整定义,具体表述为:“×年×月×日,在×地食用过×餐(或×食品)的×人,”在食用后×小时至×小时之间产生“或者”从×时×分开始至×时×分产生“以下症状:①具有一项及以上的客观症状;②具有一项及以上的主观症状;(某些极具典型特征性临床表现的中毒病例定义具有上述一项症状亦可)③有临床就诊记录或者实验室检查依据(如留样食品、环节采样、吐泻物检测报告等等)定义为该事件的病例。同时,本文将各种常见食物中毒病例定义的主要内容进行了归纳整理,以便于参考使用。
The definition of cases of food poisoning patients is the basic investigation step of the international common food poisoning. However, China’s current laws and regulations do not give a clear definition of case definitions, different food hygiene physicians in the actual work to grasp the scales, methods, results vary. This article comprehensively analyzes the relevant laws and regulations as well as the diagnosis criteria and treatment principles of each single food poisoning, and puts forward a complete definition of food poisoning cases, which is specifically expressed as: ”× year × month × day × consumed × meal (or × food ), "From the hour after the meal to the hour, or from the hour when the hour × to the hour × minute, the following symptoms occur: (1) one or more of the objective symptoms; ② have one or more of the subjective symptoms; (some very typical characteristics of clinical manifestations of poisoning cases with one of the above symptoms can be defined) ③ clinical records of visits or laboratory tests based on (such as sample-like food, sampling links , Vomit detection report, etc.) is defined as the case of the incident.At the same time, this article summarizes the main contents of the definition of various common food poisoning cases for reference.