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倒装结构是英语中一个很重要的语法现象，有的老师甚至把学好倒装语序当成是一种提升书面表达档次的一个重要方面告诉给学生，由此倒装语序的重要性可见一斑。但倒装语序由于其特殊的句型结构，学生很容易出错。先看下例：
—My room gets very cold at night.
— ______.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
答案：A。有的学生不注意“So+助动词+主语”的这种倒装结构，会误选B或者C，因为看见上句的动词是gets，所以误认为是行为动词，因此使用So does mine，其实gets在这里是一个系动词，应该使用is来代替。
以下就几种倒装语序易出错的地方作简要评述：
1． So +助动词/系动词+主语
① —Go to wash your face. Your face is a little dirty.
—Oh，______.
A. So is it B. So it is
C. It is so D. So is mine
答案：B。该句并非倒装结构，而是表示同意或肯定对方所说意思。上句说“你的脸很脏”，后者可能看了一下镜子发现自己脸果然很脏，因此说So it is。“So+主语+助动词/系动词”表示肯定对方所说，常译成“果然……，真的……”。
② He said he would help me with the work and afterwards ______.
A. so did he B. so he did
C. he did so D. neither did he
答案：C。上句也不是倒装语序，而是表示某人曾许下诺言，后来兑现了自己的承诺，应使用sb do／does／did so。
③ —He is from the south and can’t speak putonghua very well.
— ______.
A. So am I B. So can I
C. Neither can I D. So it is with me
答案：D。上句中有两种情况，且谓语部分有两种形式is from the south和can’t speak，不能再简单使用“So+助动词/系动词+主语”的倒装形式，应该采用So it is with sb/ sth或It is the same with sb/ sth。
归纳：
（1）“So +助动词/系动词+主语”为倒装语序，表示“某人/物也……”
（2）“So +主语+助动词/系动词”表示肯定对方所说的观点，意为“果然如此”。
（3）“主语+do/ does/ did+ so”表示某人曾许诺做什么后来照做了。
（4） 当有两者以上的情况也同样适应另外的人或物，应使用So it is with...或It is the same with...的句型。
2． Neither/ Nor + 助动词/系动词 + 主语
④If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，______.
A. he will neither B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
答案：B。该句意思是“如果Joe的妻子不去参加晚会，他也不会去”，当表示“……也不会”可将neither或nor提到句首，句子使用倒装语序。这种意思也可用not...either，但either必须置于句末，且用逗号跟主句隔开。又如：
Joe didn’t go to the party and his wife didn’t go there, either. Joe没去参加晚会，他的妻子也没去。
除了可用not..., either替代neither或nor的倒装结构，使用neither或nor还需注意以下几点：
（1） 当neither与nor同时引导两个并列句时，两个句子都应倒装。
Neither did he do the thing, nor did he care about it. 他没有做这件事，也不想关心这件事。
Neither can the man speak，nor can he hear anything. 这人不仅不能说话，也听不见任何东西。
（2） 当neither和nor同时引导一个并列主语时，谓语动词根据最靠近谓语的名词或代词判断。如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows how to answer the question.学生和那老师都不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Neither he nor I am to accept the fact that we will be sure to fail.他和我都不会接受我们一定会失败的事实。
3． 否定词置于句首，句子常倒装
⑤I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom ______ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt
C. I have felt D. had I felt
答案：A。本句的seldom含否定含义，被置于句首，因此句子需要倒装，故可排除B、C，再根据句末的as now，既然是跟现在比较，只能用现在完成时。
一般而言，只要是含否定含义的词被置于句首，句子都应该倒装，但有一种情况例外，这也是易出错的地方，即若否定词只是主语或主语的一部分时，不能倒装。如：
This question is very difficult, not a student can answer it.这个问题太难，没有一个学生能回答。
not a student是整个主语部分，主语本身就应该置于句首，句子不能倒装，若不是主语，其他含否定词的结构置于句首都应使用倒装形式，又如：
Not a word could I say at that moment because I was too excited.当时我一句话都说不出来，因为我太激动了。
4． Not only...but also结构的倒装
⑥Not only ______ the man, but also ______ about him very well, even about all his family.
A. does he know, does he know C. does he know, he knows
C. he knows, does he know D. does he know, he does knows
答案：B。not only...but also的句型只能在not only引导的结构中使用倒装，but also引导的部分不能倒装。
除了以上情况外，使用not only...but also的结构还需注意以下几点：
⑴ 如果not only...but also同时引导两个并列主语，此时not only...but also是一个完整的主语结构，句子不能倒装，如：
Not only young people but also the old are very fond of the TV program.不仅年轻人而且老年人也都喜欢这个电视节目。
（2）not only...but also若连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的形式采取“就近原则”，即根据最靠近的名词或代词判断。如：
Not only all the teachers but also the expert is in favor of the new teaching method.不仅所有的老师而且那位专家都支持这个新教学法。
5． 地点副词如here，there或方位副词in, out, up, down, away等置于句首时，句子倒装
⑦The door opened and out ______, which made all us very surprised.
A. rushed he B. he rushed
C. did he rush D. he did rush
答案：B。方位副词提到句首，句子倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，句子却不能倒装，本句中主语是he，因此不能倒装，应该使用正常语序he rushed。又如：
—Please pass me a glass of water.
—Here you are.（不能说Here are you.）
除了以上情况外，这种倒装语序也是英语中唯一的一种使用全部倒装的结构，即谓语动词全部提到主语前，不能用“助动词+主语”的形式。
（ × ）Let’s hurry. Here does the bus come.
（√）Let’s hurry. Here comes the bus.
6．“only+状语”置于句首，句子使用倒装
⑧ ______ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
答案：A。根据后面的will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies这个倒装结构，可知句首应该使用副词only，only若修饰状语或状语从句被置于句首，句子倒装。
⑨ Only the teachers ______ this reading room. You should go to the next one intended for students.
A. can they use B. they can use C. can use D. do use
答案：C。本句only虽置于句首，但修饰的只是主语，主语本置于句首，句子无法倒装，这是该句型易出错的一个地方，因此空格处直接选用作动词用法的can use即可。
7． So+形容词/副词+助动词/系动词+主语
⑩______ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her business successful
答案：B。这是so...that的倒装语序结构，其形式是将so及所修饰的形容词或副词一起提至句首，从句倒装，结构是“So+形容词/副词+助动词/系动词+主语”，因此答案为B。
使用这种结构易出现两种错误：一是把它与“So+助动词+主语”表示“也”的结构弄混，因此上一题容易错选D；二是容易倒装主句。
（ × ）So is she beautiful that all the girls envy her.
（√）So beautiful is she that all the girls envy her.
（ × ）So strong he is that can he weigh that heavy bag of rice.
（√）So strong is he that he can weigh that heavy bag of rice.
8． as引导让步状语从句使用倒装语序
{11} ______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange as
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
答案：D。as引导让步状语从句时需要使用倒装语序，其结构是将形容词、副词、名词及适当时候的动词原形提到句首，然后再使用as+主语，因此这题正确语序是D。
使用这种句型易犯的错误主要有：
（1）语序混乱
（ × ）It sounds as strange, it is true.
（ × ）Strange sound as it, it is true.
（ × ）As strange it sounds, it is true.
（2）不用倒装
（ × ）As it sounds strange, it is true.
（3）与as...as...混用
（ × ）As strange as it sounds, it is true.
（√）Strange as it sounds, it is true.
（4）名词前的冠词问题
（ × ）A country boy as he is, he also has his own ambition.
（√）Country boy as he is, he also has his own ambition.
编辑/梁宇清
—My room gets very cold at night.
— ______.
A. So is mine B. So mine is
C. So does mine D. So mine does
答案：A。有的学生不注意“So+助动词+主语”的这种倒装结构，会误选B或者C，因为看见上句的动词是gets，所以误认为是行为动词，因此使用So does mine，其实gets在这里是一个系动词，应该使用is来代替。
以下就几种倒装语序易出错的地方作简要评述：
1． So +助动词/系动词+主语
① —Go to wash your face. Your face is a little dirty.
—Oh，______.
A. So is it B. So it is
C. It is so D. So is mine
答案：B。该句并非倒装结构，而是表示同意或肯定对方所说意思。上句说“你的脸很脏”，后者可能看了一下镜子发现自己脸果然很脏，因此说So it is。“So+主语+助动词/系动词”表示肯定对方所说，常译成“果然……，真的……”。
② He said he would help me with the work and afterwards ______.
A. so did he B. so he did
C. he did so D. neither did he
答案：C。上句也不是倒装语序，而是表示某人曾许下诺言，后来兑现了自己的承诺，应使用sb do／does／did so。
③ —He is from the south and can’t speak putonghua very well.
— ______.
A. So am I B. So can I
C. Neither can I D. So it is with me
答案：D。上句中有两种情况，且谓语部分有两种形式is from the south和can’t speak，不能再简单使用“So+助动词/系动词+主语”的倒装形式，应该采用So it is with sb/ sth或It is the same with sb/ sth。
归纳：
（1）“So +助动词/系动词+主语”为倒装语序，表示“某人/物也……”
（2）“So +主语+助动词/系动词”表示肯定对方所说的观点，意为“果然如此”。
（3）“主语+do/ does/ did+ so”表示某人曾许诺做什么后来照做了。
（4） 当有两者以上的情况也同样适应另外的人或物，应使用So it is with...或It is the same with...的句型。
2． Neither/ Nor + 助动词/系动词 + 主语
④If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party，______.
A. he will neither B. neither will he
C. he neither will D. either he will
答案：B。该句意思是“如果Joe的妻子不去参加晚会，他也不会去”，当表示“……也不会”可将neither或nor提到句首，句子使用倒装语序。这种意思也可用not...either，但either必须置于句末，且用逗号跟主句隔开。又如：
Joe didn’t go to the party and his wife didn’t go there, either. Joe没去参加晚会，他的妻子也没去。
除了可用not..., either替代neither或nor的倒装结构，使用neither或nor还需注意以下几点：
（1） 当neither与nor同时引导两个并列句时，两个句子都应倒装。
Neither did he do the thing, nor did he care about it. 他没有做这件事，也不想关心这件事。
Neither can the man speak，nor can he hear anything. 这人不仅不能说话，也听不见任何东西。
（2） 当neither和nor同时引导一个并列主语时，谓语动词根据最靠近谓语的名词或代词判断。如：
Neither the students nor the teacher knows how to answer the question.学生和那老师都不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Neither he nor I am to accept the fact that we will be sure to fail.他和我都不会接受我们一定会失败的事实。
3． 否定词置于句首，句子常倒装
⑤I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom ______ so lonely as now.
A. have I felt B. I had felt
C. I have felt D. had I felt
答案：A。本句的seldom含否定含义，被置于句首，因此句子需要倒装，故可排除B、C，再根据句末的as now，既然是跟现在比较，只能用现在完成时。
一般而言，只要是含否定含义的词被置于句首，句子都应该倒装，但有一种情况例外，这也是易出错的地方，即若否定词只是主语或主语的一部分时，不能倒装。如：
This question is very difficult, not a student can answer it.这个问题太难，没有一个学生能回答。
not a student是整个主语部分，主语本身就应该置于句首，句子不能倒装，若不是主语，其他含否定词的结构置于句首都应使用倒装形式，又如：
Not a word could I say at that moment because I was too excited.当时我一句话都说不出来，因为我太激动了。
4． Not only...but also结构的倒装
⑥Not only ______ the man, but also ______ about him very well, even about all his family.
A. does he know, does he know C. does he know, he knows
C. he knows, does he know D. does he know, he does knows
答案：B。not only...but also的句型只能在not only引导的结构中使用倒装，but also引导的部分不能倒装。
除了以上情况外，使用not only...but also的结构还需注意以下几点：
⑴ 如果not only...but also同时引导两个并列主语，此时not only...but also是一个完整的主语结构，句子不能倒装，如：
Not only young people but also the old are very fond of the TV program.不仅年轻人而且老年人也都喜欢这个电视节目。
（2）not only...but also若连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的形式采取“就近原则”，即根据最靠近的名词或代词判断。如：
Not only all the teachers but also the expert is in favor of the new teaching method.不仅所有的老师而且那位专家都支持这个新教学法。
5． 地点副词如here，there或方位副词in, out, up, down, away等置于句首时，句子倒装
⑦The door opened and out ______, which made all us very surprised.
A. rushed he B. he rushed
C. did he rush D. he did rush
答案：B。方位副词提到句首，句子倒装，但如果主语是人称代词时，句子却不能倒装，本句中主语是he，因此不能倒装，应该使用正常语序he rushed。又如：
—Please pass me a glass of water.
—Here you are.（不能说Here are you.）
除了以上情况外，这种倒装语序也是英语中唯一的一种使用全部倒装的结构，即谓语动词全部提到主语前，不能用“助动词+主语”的形式。
（ × ）Let’s hurry. Here does the bus come.
（√）Let’s hurry. Here comes the bus.
6．“only+状语”置于句首，句子使用倒装
⑧ ______ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet
答案：A。根据后面的will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies这个倒装结构，可知句首应该使用副词only，only若修饰状语或状语从句被置于句首，句子倒装。
⑨ Only the teachers ______ this reading room. You should go to the next one intended for students.
A. can they use B. they can use C. can use D. do use
答案：C。本句only虽置于句首，但修饰的只是主语，主语本置于句首，句子无法倒装，这是该句型易出错的一个地方，因此空格处直接选用作动词用法的can use即可。
7． So+形容词/副词+助动词/系动词+主语
⑩______ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her business successful
答案：B。这是so...that的倒装语序结构，其形式是将so及所修饰的形容词或副词一起提至句首，从句倒装，结构是“So+形容词/副词+助动词/系动词+主语”，因此答案为B。
使用这种结构易出现两种错误：一是把它与“So+助动词+主语”表示“也”的结构弄混，因此上一题容易错选D；二是容易倒装主句。
（ × ）So is she beautiful that all the girls envy her.
（√）So beautiful is she that all the girls envy her.
（ × ）So strong he is that can he weigh that heavy bag of rice.
（√）So strong is he that he can weigh that heavy bag of rice.
8． as引导让步状语从句使用倒装语序
{11} ______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange as
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
答案：D。as引导让步状语从句时需要使用倒装语序，其结构是将形容词、副词、名词及适当时候的动词原形提到句首，然后再使用as+主语，因此这题正确语序是D。
使用这种句型易犯的错误主要有：
（1）语序混乱
（ × ）It sounds as strange, it is true.
（ × ）Strange sound as it, it is true.
（ × ）As strange it sounds, it is true.
（2）不用倒装
（ × ）As it sounds strange, it is true.
（3）与as...as...混用
（ × ）As strange as it sounds, it is true.
（√）Strange as it sounds, it is true.
（4）名词前的冠词问题
（ × ）A country boy as he is, he also has his own ambition.
（√）Country boy as he is, he also has his own ambition.
编辑/梁宇清