目的:观察甲状腺术后患者症状性低钙血症(SH)的发生与多种潜在影响因素之间的关系，根据甲状腺切除范围进行分层并探讨全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)对术后SH的预测价值。方法:回顾性选取2020年1月—2021年2月郑州大学第一附属医院收治的3 379例甲状腺术后患者中发生SH的122例患者，设为SH组。用系统抽样法抽取同年余3 200例中未发生SH的100例患者，设为对照组。用Pearson相关性分析评估两组患者的年龄、术前钙、术后钙、术前iPTH、术后iPTH、中央区淋巴结数目、出血量、手术时间、性别、淋巴结清扫方式、甲状腺切除范围、术后病理类型等潜在影响因素。正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差(n Mean±n SD)表示，组间比较采用n t检验；计数资料组间比较采用n χ2检验。通过绘制受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)研究术前/术后(不同术式)SH组和对照组患者的iPTH水平，预测其iPTH诊断临界值、灵敏度及特异度。n 结果:3 379例甲状腺术后患者中，发生SH者122例，发病率为3.6%。SH组和对照组的性别(SH组：男8例，女114例；对照组：男27例，女73例)、是否行侧区清扫(SH组：清扫58例，非清扫64例；对照组：清扫7例，非清扫93例)、甲状腺切除范围(SH组：单侧14例，双侧108例；对照组：单侧73例，双侧27例)、年龄(40.1岁比43.2岁)、中央区淋巴结清扫数目(8.6枚比4.6枚)、颈侧区淋巴结清扫数目(12.3枚比0.7枚)、出血量(22.8 mL比11.0 mL)、手术时间(1.7 h比0.8 h)、术后iPTH(16.4 pg/mL比41.9 pg/mL)、术前iPTH(39.4 pg/mL比47.8 pg/mL)和术后钙水平(1.9 mmol/L比2.2 mmol/L)比较，差异具有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。而两组患者的术后病理类型(SH组：毒性甲状腺肿4例，甲状腺髓样癌3例，甲状腺滤泡癌1例，甲状腺乳头状癌114例；对照组：甲状腺髓样癌1例，甲状腺滤泡癌1例，甲状腺乳头状癌98例。n P＝0.25)及术前钙(2.3 mmol/L比2.3 mmol/L，n P＝0.10)之间差异无统计学意义。甲状腺双侧切除患者的术后iPTH若<20.08 pg/mL，则容易出现SH，其灵敏度为74.07%，特异度为96.30%；而对于甲状腺单侧切除患者，术后iPTH<24.00 pg/mL时容易有SH发生。n 结论:性别、年龄、术后钙、术前iPTH、术后iPTH、中央区淋巴结数目、出血量、手术时间、淋巴结清扫方式、甲状腺切除范围是甲状腺术后发生SH的重要影响因素。随着手术范围的扩大，预测SH发生的术后iPTH水平逐渐降低。为避免术后SH的发生，需要根据手术范围及术后iPTH水平及时补钙。“,”Objective:To observe the relationship between the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia (SH) and various potential influencing factors in patients after thyroidectomy, stratify according to the scope of thyroidectomy, and explore the predictive value of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for postoperative SH.Methods:Among 3 379 patients with thyroidectomy who admitted into the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to February 2021, 122 patients with SH after thyroidectomy were collected retrospectively and set as SH group. 100 patients of the remaining 3 200 patients who did not suffer from SH in the same year were selected by systematic sampling method and set as control group. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the potential influencing factors such as age, preoperative calcium, postoperative calcium, preoperative iPTH, postoperative iPTH, central lymph node number, blood loss, operation duration, gender, lymph node dissection method, thyroidectomy range, postoperative pathological type and other. Among them, the measurement data of normal distribution were expressed by mean±standard deviation(n Mean±n SD), n t-test was used for the comparison between the two groups, and Chi-square test was used for count data. By drawing the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the iPTH levels in patients with and without SH before/after operation (different surgical methods) were studied, and the diagnostic threshold, sensitivity and specificity of iPTH were predicted.n Results:Among 3 379 patients, 122 patients suffered from SH after thyroidectomy, with the incidence rate of 3.6%. There were significant differences in gender (8 males and 114 females in SH group; 27 males and 73 females in control group), whether lateral area dissection was performed (58 cases with dissection and 64 cases without dissection in SH group; 7 cases with dissection and 93 cases without dissection in control group), thyroidectomy range (14 cases with one side and 108 cases with both sides in SH group; 73 cases with one side and 27 cases with both sides in control group), age (40.1 years old n vs 43.2 years old), dissection number of central lymph nodes (8.6 n vs 4.6), dissection number of cervical lymph nodes (12.3 n vs 0.7), blood loss (22.8 mL n vs 11.0 mL), operation duration (1.7 h n vs 0.8 h), postoperative iPTH (16.4 pg/mL n vs 41.9 pg/mL), preoperative iPTH (39.4 pg/mL n vs 47.8 pg/mL) in SH group; and postoperative calcium level (1.9 mmol/L n vs 2.2 mmol/L). There was significant differences between the two groups (n P<0.05). However, there was no significant differences between them with postoperative pathological type (4 cases with toxic goiter, 3 cases with medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1 case with thyroid follicular carcinoma, 114 cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma in SH group; 1 case with medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1 case of thyroid follicular carcinoma, 98 cases with papillary thyroid carcinoma in control group,n P=0.25) and preoperative calcium (2.3 mmol/L n vs 2.3 mmol/L, n P=0.10). For patients with bilateral thyroidectomy, SH was easy to occur when postoperative iPTH < 20.08 pg/mL, and its sensitivity and specificity were 74.07% and 96.30%; however, for patients with unilateral thyroidectomy, SH was easy to occur when iPTH < 24.00 pg/mL after operation.n Conclusions:Gender, age, postoperative calcium, preoperative iPTH, postoperative iPTH, central lymph node number, blood loss, operation duration, lymph node dissection method and thyroidectomy range are important factors affecting the occurrence of SH after thyroidectomy. With the expansion of surgical range, the postoperative iPTH level gradually decreases, which predicts the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia. In order to avoid the occurrence of symptomatic hypocalcemia after operation, it is necessary to supplement calcium in time according to the range of operation and postoperative iPTH level.