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目前全球炼油厂工业应用的渣油深度转化技术主要有两种:一是焦化,二是沸腾床加氢裂化。焦化技术最大的问题是把一部分渣油原料变成了石油焦和少量气体;而沸腾床加氢裂化技术的渣油转化率也只有55%～75%,渣油仍未得到高效利用,且装置投资大,操作复杂。所幸的是,现在渣油深度转化提高轻油收率技术有了新进展。沸腾床加氢裂化集成技术——LC-MAX工艺和H-Oil-延迟焦化集成工艺已经开发成功,正在准备工业应用,其中LC-MAX工艺渣油转化率可达80%～90%,并且提高了加工原料的灵活性,降低了反应系统的投资和操作费用。另外,渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术也取得了突破性进展,正在建设工业装置的有KBR公司的VCC技术、UOP公司的Uniflex技术、Eni公司的EST技术和委内瑞拉国家石油公司的HDHPLUS技术。VCC技术的渣油转化率可达95%;Uniflex技术采用纳米级催化剂,转化率可达90%以上;而EST技术首套工业装置将加工难以转化的乌拉尔原油减压渣油,如果渣油转化率能达到95%,且能长期运转,将是渣油深度转化技术的重大突破。渣油悬浮床加氢裂化技术是当今炼油工业的世界级难题和前沿技术,国家“十二五”规划要求炼油行业到2015年轻油收率从目前的75%左右提高到80%。为此,建议抓紧组织产学研三结合的研发团队,充分发挥国家重点实验室和国家工程研究中心的作用,高度重视渣油悬浮床加氢裂化催化剂的筛选工作。同时,国家有关部门要加大支持和协调力度,确保到2015年取得重大突破。
At present, there are mainly two types of deep oil residue conversion technologies used in industrial refineries worldwide: one is coking, and the other is fluidized bed hydrocracking. The biggest problem of coking technology is that some of the residue raw materials into a petroleum coke and a small amount of gas; and hydrocracking ebullated bed hydrocracking technology only 55% to 75% conversion rate, residual oil has not yet been efficiently used, and the device Large investment, complex operation. Fortunately, new advances have now been made in technology to increase the recovery of light oil from deep residue conversion. Ebullated bed hydrocracking integrated technology - LC-MAX process and H-Oil-delayed coking integrated process has been successfully developed, is preparing industrial applications, including LC-MAX process residue conversion rate of 80% to 90%, and increased The flexibility of processing raw materials, reducing the investment of the reaction system and operating costs. In addition, residue-bed hydrocracking technology has also made breakthrough progress. There are KBR VCC Technologies, UOP Uniflex Technologies, Eni EST Technologies and Venezuela National Petroleum HDHPLUS Technologies being built for industrial installations. VCC technology, the conversion rate of residual oil up to 95%; Uniflex technology using nano-scale catalyst, the conversion rate of up to 90%; and EST first industrial unit will process difficult to convert Urals crude oil vacuum residue, if the residual oil conversion The rate can reach 95%, and can be long-term operation, will be a major breakthrough in residue depth conversion technology. Residue suspended bed hydrocracking technology is a world-class and cutting-edge technology in today’s refining industry. The national “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” requires the refinery industry to raise the yield of light oil from 2015 to around 80% by 2015. To this end, it is proposed to pay close attention to the combination of industry, university and research R & D team, give full play to the State Key Laboratory and the National Engineering Research Center, attach great importance to the residue of hydrocracking residue in the hydrocracking catalyst screening. In the meantime, relevant state departments should step up their support and coordination to ensure that major breakthroughs will be achieved by 2015.