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Background Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have compared endoscopic and symptomatic relapses in patients with erosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).We have summarized current evidence for rabeprazole 10 or 20 mg once daily for GERD maintenance treatment over 1 or 5 years.Methods MEDLINE,EMBASE,and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched,through August 2012,for eligible RCTs of adults with erosive GERD.The efficacies of rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d were compared.Results The search identified 288 citations,and five RCTs containing 1480 patients were considered eligible.Heartb relapse rates did not differ significantly between patients treated with rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d for 1 year (relative risk (RR)=1.29; 95％ confidence interval (CI):0.97-1.72),but differed in patients treated for 5 years (RR=1.274; 95％ CI:1.005-1.615).Endoscopic relapse rates differed significantly between rabeprazole 10 and 20 mg/d for 1 year (RR=1.92;95％ CI:1.21-3.06),for 5 years (RR=1.667; 95％ CI:1.073-2.589),and in combined 1-and 5-year maintenance trials (RR=1.785; 95％ CI:1.298-2.456).Conclusion Rabeprazole 20 mg/d was superior to rabeprazole 10 mg/d in preventing endoscopic relapse of erosive GERD,but that the two dosages were equivalent in symptomatic relief over 1 year.