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全世界有100多座用石墨做慢化剂、反射层、燃料套管等材料的反应堆,产生的放射性石墨废物存量达25万t以上。石墨废物体积巨大,并且含有14C、36Cl等大量半衰期大于30年的放射性核素,其比活度在300~500年内无法降至非放水平,因而不满足作为低中水平放射性固体废物浅地层处置的要求,只能进行深地质处置。但由于石墨废物的巨大体积,其需要的处置库容量受限和处置费用非常高昂,目前尚未有国家实际实施。石墨废物的处理处置已经成为放射性废物安全管理中关注的难点和热点。
There are more than 100 reactors in the world that use graphite as a moderator, reflector, fuel sleeve and other materials and produce over 250,000 tons of radioactive graphite waste. Graphite wastes are huge in volume and contain a large amount of radionuclides such as 14C and 36Cl with a half-life greater than 30 years. Their specific activities can not be reduced to non-horizontal levels within 300 to 500 years and thus are not satisfactory for shallow-ground radioactive solid waste disposal The request can only be carried out deep geological disposal. However, due to the huge volume of graphite waste, the capacity of its disposal repository is limited and its disposal cost is very high. At present, there is no actual state practice. The disposal of graphite waste has become a focus and hotspot in the safety management of radioactive waste.