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目的评价青海省重点监测地区营养改善计划实施3年后学生营养状况及贫血检出率变化,以促进营养改善工作的有效开展。方法采用自身前后对照的现场干预试验方法,比较2012年和2015年青海省3个县(区)监测学生的身高、体重、营养不良和贫血的患病状况。结果与2012年相比,2015年监测点9~11岁男生的平均身高分别增加了1.9,1.8和4.8 cm,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05);9~12岁女生的平均体重分别增加了1.1~2.6 kg,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。经过3年的营养改善计划干预,9~11岁学生消瘦和营养不良的检出率明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为7.2,7.1,P值均<0.05);6~15岁学生的贫血检出率从2012年的10.5%下降到2015年的4.3%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=56.1,P<0.01)。结论青海省营养改善项目对重点监测地区中小学生的身高、体重及贫血有明显的改善效果,各级政府应持续并加大对“计划”项目的投入力度,从而有效改善全省农村中小学生的营养健康水平。
Objective To evaluate the changes of nutritional status and detection rate of anemia in three years after the implementation of nutrition improvement plan in key monitoring areas of Qinghai Province to promote the effective implementation of nutrition improvement. Methods The field intervention test was used to compare the prevalence of height, weight, malnutrition and anemia in three counties (districts) in 2012 and 2015 in Qinghai Province. Results Compared with 2012, the mean height of boys aged 9-11 years at the monitoring points in 2015 increased by 1.9, 1.8 and 4.8 cm, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.05). The average of 9-12-year-old girls Body weight increased by 1.1 ~ 2.6 kg, the differences were statistically significant (P values were <0.05). After 3 years of nutritional improvement intervention, the detection rate of emaciation and malnutrition among 9 ~ 11-year-old students was significantly lower (both χ ~ 2 values were 7.2 and 7.1, P <0.05 respectively); 6 The detection rate of anemia among 15-year-old students decreased from 10.5% in 2012 to 4.3% in 2015, with a significant difference (χ ~ 2 = 56.1, P <0.01). Conclusion The project of nutrition improvement in Qinghai Province can obviously improve the height, weight and anemia of the primary and secondary school students in the key monitoring areas. Governments at all levels should continue and increase the input into the “plan” project, so as to effectively improve the rural Nutritional health level of pupils.