目的研究散发性戊型肝炎（ＨＥ）患者病毒血症、粪便排病毒及抗体消长规律。方法采用逆转录套式聚合酶链反应（ＲＴｎｅｓｔｅｄＰＣＲ）动态检测血清和粪便ＨＥＶＲＮＡ，采用ＨＥＶＯＲＦ２、ＯＲＦ３合成多肽单独和联合ＥＩＡ法动态检测血清抗ＨＥＶ。结果血清ＨＥＶＲＮＡ阳性患者占７１％（４４／６２），平均持续时间为病后２０．６天（全程随访３２例）；粪便ＨＥＶＲＮＡ阳性标本中有９６．２％（２５／２６）出现在病后２０天内；血清抗ＨＥＶＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ阳性率于发病半月内分别为７１．１％（３２／４５）和９７．８％（４４／４５），随病程的延长ＩｇＭ较早阴转。结论病毒血症和粪便排病毒主要出现在急性早期；联合检测ＯＲＦ２和ＯＲＦ３抗体可提高ＥＩＡ试验的敏感性，抗ＨＥＶＩｇＭ的特异性好而抗ＨＥＶＩｇＧ的灵敏度高 Objective To study the viremia, stool virus and antibody growth and development in patients with sporadic hepatitis E (HE). Methods The serum and fecal HEV RNA were detected by reverse transcription-nested-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). HEVORF2 and ORF3 synthetic peptides were used to detect serum anti-HEV separately and in combination with EIA. Results Serum HEV RNA positive patients accounted for 71% (44/62), the average duration of 20.6 days after disease (32 cases were followed up); stool HEV RNA positive specimens in 96.2% (25/26) Within 20 days, the positive rates of anti-HEV IgM and IgG were 71.1% (32/45) and 97.8% (44/45) in the first half of the disease, respectively. Conclusions Viremia and staphylococcal virus occur mainly in early acute phase. Combined detection of ORF2 and ORF3 antibodies can increase the sensitivity of EIA test. The specificity of anti- HEVIgM is good and the sensitivity of HEVIgG is high