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海洋潮汐和大气、海洋、海冰之间存在复杂的相互作用,它对地球气候有复杂而深远的影响。海潮对流经大陆沿岸或大陆架的洋流有很强烈的作用。潮汐流产生混合湍动;潮汐耗散和内潮波效应对海洋环流的传输和循环也有一定的影响。1995年前后,使用TOPEX／POSEIDON测高卫星资料。建立了十多个海潮模型。研究表明,1994-1996年期间发展起来的正压波海潮模型在深海的精度为2—3cm,空间分辨率为50km量级,在浅海区域的精度显著下降。近年来运用更加成熟精细的流体动力学理论模型,在数据同化技术中使用时间跨度更长的测高资料,已经建立了一些改进的海潮模型。该文使用验潮站潮汐常数、测高资料以及交叉点资料,评估了6个海潮模型在浅海区域(包括中国海海域)的表现,以应用于今后对海平面的研究。初步分析表明,浅海区域的海平面高度的误差仍然相当显著。要发展海洋潮汐模型需要进一步减小潮汐混淆效应,提高长周期潮汐的精度,尤其在浅海区域。模型的改进必将增进对潮汐现象的认识,促进学科间进行相互融合和相互渗透的研究(例如潮汐摩擦引起的月球自转的长期缓慢减速、地球内部结构的物理学研究等)。
The complex interactions between ocean tides and the atmosphere, oceans and sea ice have complex and far-reaching implications for the Earth’s climate. Tidal currents have a strong effect on the current flowing through the continental shelf or continental shelf. Tidal currents produce mixed turbulence; tidal dissipation and internal tidal wave effects also have an impact on ocean circulation and circulation. Before and after 1995, use TOPEX / POSEIDON altimetry satellite data. More than a dozen ocean tide models have been established. The research shows that the positive pressure wave tidal model developed in 1994-1996 has the accuracy of 2-3cm in the deep sea and the spatial resolution of 50km, and the precision in the shallow sea area declines significantly. In recent years, with the use of more mature and sophisticated fluid dynamics theoretical models and using data with longer time scales in data assimilation techniques, some improved ocean tide models have been established. In this paper, the tidal constants, altimetry data and cross-point data of tide gauge stations are used to evaluate the performance of six ocean tide models in the shallow sea region (including the sea area of China Sea) for future study of sea level. Preliminary analysis shows that the error of sea level height in the shallow sea area is still quite significant. To develop a marine tidal model, it is necessary to further reduce the tidal confusion effect and improve the accuracy of long-period tides, especially in the shallow sea area. The improvement of the model will surely promote the understanding of the tide phenomenon and promote the interdisciplinary studies of mutual integration and mutual penetration (for example, the long-term slow deceleration of lunar rotation caused by tidal friction and the physics research of the internal structure of the Earth).