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本文基于汉语儿童自发语料中的自造词,指出儿童造词的策略主要有加合、类比和复合,不同策略反映了儿童词法意识的发展。加合仅反映组合意识的发展,类比说明儿童具备了分解复合词的意识,复合造词则说明儿童具备一定的词法结构意识,从而实现构词成分的意义融合。本文还统计了个案儿童在不同年龄段使用不同造词策略所造的词语,推断造词策略和词法意识发展的顺序。
Based on the self-made poems of Chinese children’s spontaneous corpus, this paper points out that the strategies of children’s making poems mainly include adduction, analogy and compounding. Different strategies reflect the development of children’s lexical awareness. Addition only reflects the development of combinatorial awareness. Analogy shows that children have the consciousness of decomposing compound words, and that compound coproduction shows that children have some sense of lexical structure so as to realize the meaning fusion of word-forming components. The article also counts the words made by children in different age groups using different coinage strategies to infer the order of the development of word-building strategies and lexical awareness.