波兰“大冲击式”的经济改革已经进行了三年,证据表明,国有企业对新的经济现实所作出的反应比如下偏见中预示的更灵敏,这种偏见认为,国有部门是缺乏主动性和失败的。不仅在对于中期增长仍是至关重要的波兰,而且在其它国家生产部门典型地占有国民生产总值、就业、税收和出口中很高比例的改革的国家中,国有企业的行为和改革在不同的后共产主义国家,情况有所不同,而作为先行者的波兰的经历则提供了某些有益的教训。 大型生产企业的私有化并非一项容易完成的任务,特别是在东欧前计划经济中所要求的私有化范围极大。1990年,许多人认为国家财产应尽快被私有化。任何拖延都意味着浪费时间,而且当私有化最终实现时,恐怕不再会留下什么可私有化了。这种观点是以这样一种流行的观念为根据的,即国有企业在适应新经济现实时行动迟缓,并且不愿进行结构改造。 Poland’s “big-impact” economic reforms have been going on for three years. Evidence shows that the response of state-owned enterprises to the new economic realities is more sensitive in the predictions of prejudice. This prejudice holds that the state-owned sector is lacking initiative and Failure. Not only in Poland, which is still crucial to medium-term growth, but also in countries where production sectors in other countries typically occupy a high proportion of GDP, employment, taxes, and exports, state-owned enterprises’ behavior and reforms are different. In the post-communist countries, the situation is different, and the experience of Poland as a pioneer has provided some useful lessons. The privatization of large-scale production enterprises is not an easy task to accomplish, especially in the scope of privatization required in the former planned economy of Eastern Europe. In 1990, many people thought that national property should be privatized as soon as possible. Any delay is a waste of time, and when privatization is finally realized, I am afraid that it will no longer be left to be privatized. This view is based on the prevailing concept that state-owned enterprises are slow to adapt to the realities of the new economy and are reluctant to undertake structural transformation.