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目的探讨我国刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故的发生特点,为制定相应防制策略提供科学依据。方法对15年间全国报告的刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒资料进行描述性分析。结果(1)15年间共发生刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故92起,年均6．1起,直接导致中毒的物质有40种,平均每起事故中毒14．5例,中毒死亡0．8人；单起事故最多中毒116例,最多中毒死亡7人。氯气的中毒起数、中毒病例数和中毒死亡例数均居前列；(2)中毒事故发生的高峰期为每年的7、8月份,化学工业的生产、检修和清洗岗位刺激性气体中毒事故多发。结论(1)刺激性气体重大急性职业中毒事故危害严重。(2)刺激性气体重大职业中毒事故毒物、行业和岗位分布集中趋势明显,要对重点毒物、重点行业和重点岗位进行预防控制。(3)做好刺激性气体重大事故发生的预警、预报和应急救援工作。
Objective To explore the occurrence characteristics of major acute occupational poisoning accidents caused by irritating gases in China and provide scientific basis for formulating corresponding prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of major acute occupational poisoning reported by the nationwide in 15 years. Results (1) During 15 years, there were 92 serious acute occupational poisoning accidents with an average annual incidence of 6.1 cases. There were 40 kinds of substances that directly caused poisoning, with an average of 14.5 cases of poisoning and 0.8 cases of poisoning Person; single accident up to poisoning 116 cases, up to 7 poisoning deaths. Chlorine poisoning count, the number of poisoning cases and the number of cases of poisoning are among the forefront; (2) the peak of poisoning incidents in July and August each year, chemical industry production, overhaul and cleaning jobs irritating gas poisoning accidents . Conclusions (1) Severe acute occupational poisoning was caused by irritating gas. (2) Significant occupational poisoning caused by irritating gases The concentration of poison, industry and posts is obviously concentrated. Preventive and control measures should be taken on key poisons, key industries and key positions. (3) Do a good job of early warning, forecasting and emergency rescue of major accidents involving irritating gas.