一、引言焊接质量在很大程度上,决定着压力容器的安全性和寿命。因此,控制焊接质量成了容器建造和修复中质量保证体系的关键。由于焊接是一个非常复杂的、快速和局部的冶金过程,因此影响焊接质量的因素必然很多。既使是很有经验的焊工,在认真执行焊接规范情况下,也难免产生这样或那样的焊接缺陷。特别是大型压力容器,在条件比较苛刻的现场组焊中,焊接的不完善性更是难免。焊接质量的全面检验,应包括焊缝的外观检查、化学成分和金相组织检验、硬度、拉力、抗弯和冲击试验、以及对焊缝区的无损探伤。在特殊环境下使用的压力容器,还应包括检验焊接接头相应的力学性能,如疲劳、蠕变和抗 First, the introduction of welding quality to a large extent, determines the safety of pressure vessels and life expectancy. Therefore, controlling the quality of welding has become the key to the quality assurance system in container construction and repair. As welding is a very complex, rapid and localized metallurgical process, there are bound to be many factors that affect the quality of the weld. Even experienced welders, welding conscientiously implement the case, it is inevitable that one way or another welding defects. Especially large pressure vessels, welding in the more demanding conditions of the site welding, imperfection is even more inevitable. A comprehensive examination of the weld quality shall include the appearance inspection of the weld, chemical composition and microstructure testing, hardness, tensile, flexural and impact tests, and non-destructive flaw detection of the weld zone. Pressure vessels used in special environments should also include the inspection of the corresponding mechanical properties of welded joints such as fatigue, creep and resistance